Question 1

The peg-word method and method of loci are:
A) techniques that have been used to induce false memories in participants in research studies.
B) retrieval cue strategies to help you recall a blocked word or name during tip-of-the-tongue experiences.
C) suggestive techniques that can be used to recover repressed memories.
D) mnemonic devices to help you remember information.

Accepted Answer

The peg-word method and method of loci are both mnemonic devices used to remember information. The peg-word method involves creating an association between a list of items and a pre-memorized list of words (or "pegs"), while the method of loci involves associating information with specific locations in a familiar space. These techniques are not related to inducing false memories, tip-of-the-tongue experiences, or the recovery of repressed memories.

Question 2

For his Eastern history class, Hamilton had to memorize a lengthy list of Chinese emperors. To do so, he imagined each of them sitting in a chair in a different room of his family home. Hamilton was using a technique called:
A) the peg-word method.
B) the method of loci.
C) the misinformation effect.
D) imagination inflation.

Accepted Answer

The technique that Hamilton used is the method of loci or memory palace, where a person associates information with different locations or spaces within a familiar physical environment. In this case, Hamilton associated each Chinese emperor with a specific room in his family home.

Question 3

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature, which of the following helps the process of consolidating new memories?
A) sleep
B) alcohol
C) background noise
D) massed practice

Accepted Answer

Sleep helps the process of consolidating new memories by strengthening connections between neurons in the brain. Research has shown that sleep helps to transfer information from short-term memory to long-term memory.

Question 4

Spacing learning over multiple study sessions illustrates:
A) massed practice.
B) distributed practice.
C) long-term potentiation.
D) short-term potentiation.

Accepted Answer

Spacing learning over multiple study sessions illustrates distributed practice, which has been shown to be more effective than massed practice, where learning occurs in a single, continuous session. It is also not directly related to long-term or short-term potentiation, which refer to changes in synaptic strength in the brain.

Question 5

Spacing your study sessions is to _____ as cramming the night before is to _____.
A) elaborative rehearsal; maintenance rehearsal
B) massed practice; distributed practice
C) serial position effect; proactive interference
D) distributed practice; massed practice

Accepted Answer

Spacing your study sessions is an example of distributed practice, while cramming the night before is an example of massed practice.

Question 6

Cramming, or _____, is less effective than _____ at boosting memory.
A) massed practice; distributed practice
B) distributed practice; massed practice
C) long-term potentiation; short-term potentiation
D) short-term potentiation, long-term potentiation

Accepted Answer

Massed practice, or cramming, involves studying intensively over a short period, while distributed practice spreads out study sessions over time. Research shows distributed practice is more effective for long-term memory retention.

Question 7

A series of MRI scans of Alzheimer's patients over a period of two years showed that the disease first attacks the:
A) temporal lobes.
B) frontal lobes.
C) limbic system.
D) cerebellum and amygdala.

Accepted Answer

Multiple studies have shown that Alzheimer's disease first affects the temporal lobes in the brain, particularly the hippocampus, which is important for memory formation and retrieval. As the disease progresses, it can also affect other areas of the brain such as the frontal lobes and the limbic system. However, the initial and most pronounced damage is usually seen in the temporal lobes. The cerebellum and amygdala, while important for various brain functions, are not typically the primary targets of Alzheimer's disease.

Question 8

Wynn has been studying for his chemistry exam by breaking up each chapter into manageable sections and then learning key information one section at a time. According to the chapter's Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology section, Wynn is using which technique to enhance his memory?
A) massed practice
B) reducing interference within a topic
C) counteracting the serial position effect
D) using contextual cues to jog memory

Accepted Answer

Wynn is reducing interference within a topic by breaking up each chapter into manageable sections and focusing on one section at a time, which helps in organizing and retaining information effectively.

Question 9

Keisha is determined to ace her microbiology final. Which of the following strategies would be LEAST likely to improve her memory for the material covered in her microbiology textbook?
A) outlining the chapter information in a way that shows how information is related
B) going without sleep the night before the exam and studying right up until she takes the test
C) using the photographs and diagrams in the text to help create visual memories of the material
D) spending extra time on material in the middle of the chapter

Accepted Answer

Going without sleep the night before the exam and studying right up until she takes the test can be detrimental to memory and cognitive function, leading to decreased retention of the material. It is important for Keisha to get adequate sleep in order to facilitate memory consolidation and recall.

Question 10

REM sleep facilitates consolidation of _____ memories.
A) procedural
B) recovered
C) declarative
D) false

Accepted Answer

The answer of REM sleep facilitates consolidation of _____ memories.
A)...

Question 11

While Ellen was taking a test, she had trouble remembering a specific piece of information that she had studied. According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature, Ellen might be able to jog the blocked memory by:
A) taking one or two ginkgo biloba supplements.
B) imagining the surroundings in which she learned the information.
C) thinking about something else for five minutes then trying again.
D) using massed practice.

Accepted Answer

Imagining the surroundings in which she learned the information may help Ellen to retrieve the blocked memory. This technique is called context-dependent memory and is based on the idea that our memories are often linked to the context in which we learned or experienced them. Taking supplements, taking a break, or using massed practice are not suggested strategies for improving memory recall in this situation according to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature.

Question 12

Non-REM sleep facilitates consolidation of _____ memories.
A) procedural
B) recovered
C) declarative
D) false

Accepted Answer

Non-REM sleep is primarily associated with the consolidation of declarative memories, which include facts and information.

Question 13

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology section on improving your memory:
A) it is important to avoid distracting stimuli that may compete for your attention while studying.
B) using television in the background can serve as a stimulus cue for remembering studied material.
C) it is important to avoid using mnemonic devices because they require too much mental effort to master effectively.
D) massed practice works better than distributed practice for certain subjects that are studied.

Accepted Answer

Avoiding distracting stimuli is important because it allows for greater focus and attention on the material being studied, which can then be more easily remembered.

Answer: C 
 This statement is incorrect. Mnemonic devices can be helpful in improving memory by providing an easy-to-remember association between new information and pre-existing knowledge.

Answer: D 
 This statement is incorrect. Distributed practice, or spaced repetition, has been shown to be more effective for long-term retention of information compared to massed practice.

Question 14

Kyle is determined to do well on his final exams, and decides to apply what he has learned about elaborative rehearsal to his own studying strategies. Which of the following suggestions is NOT an effective way to engage in elaborative rehearsal?
A) try to create vivid visual images of terms and concepts
B) explain the material in his own words to a friend
C) relate the information to material that he already knows, including examples from his own life
D) repeat each key term and definition at least 10 times in a row

Accepted Answer

Repeating the key term and definition multiple times in a row is a form of maintenance rehearsal, not elaborative rehearsal. Elaborative rehearsal involves making connections and associations with other information to create a deeper understanding and better retention of the material. A, B, and C are all effective ways to engage in elaborative rehearsal.

Question 15

Procedural memories are consolidated during _____ sleep.
A) REM
B) non-REM
C) interrupted
D) uninterrupted

Accepted Answer

The answer of Procedural memories are consolidated during _____ sleep.
A)...

Question 16

According to the Focus on Neuroscience feature "Mapping Brain Changes in Alzheimer's Disease", cross sections of the brain of a person who died of Alzheimer's disease showed:
A) normal temporal lobes.
B) enlarged ventricles.
C) normal frontal lobes.
D) shrunken ventricles.

Accepted Answer

Cross sections of the brain of a person who died of Alzheimer's disease showed enlarged ventricles, which is a common characteristic of the disease. The temporal and frontal lobes are often affected by shrinkage in Alzheimer's disease.

Question 17

For her anatomy and physiology class, Chelsea has to learn a list of the 12 cranial nerves in correct order. Spending extra time rehearsing _____ would help her counteract the serial position effect.
A) the first several items on the list
B) the last several items on the list
C) the items in the middle of the list
D) the first several items and last several items on the list

Accepted Answer

The serial position effect suggests that people tend to remember the first and last items in a list better than those in the middle. By focusing on the middle items, Chelsea can improve her recall of the entire list.

Question 18

Declarative memories are consolidated during _____ sleep.
A) REM
B) non-REM
C) interrupted
D) uninterrupted

Accepted Answer

Declarative memories, or memories of events and facts, are consolidated during non-REM sleep. Specifically, the slow-wave sleep stage (also known as NREM stage 3) has been shown to be particularly important for consolidating declarative memories. REM sleep, on the other hand, is believed to be more important for procedural memories and emotional regulation. Interrupted sleep can disrupt the consolidation of memories, while uninterrupted sleep allows for optimal memory consolidation.

Quiz 6: Memory

The peg-word method and method of loci are:

For his Eastern history class, Hamilton had to memorize a lengthy list of Chinese emperors. To do so, he imagined each of them sitting in a chair in a different room of his family home. Hamilton was using a technique called:

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature, which of the following helps the process of consolidating new memories?

Spacing learning over multiple study sessions illustrates:

Spacing your study sessions is to _ as cramming the night before is to _.

Cramming, or _, is less effective than _ at boosting memory.

A series of MRI scans of Alzheimer's patients over a period of two years showed that the disease first attacks the:

Wynn has been studying for his chemistry exam by breaking up each chapter into manageable sections and then learning key information one section at a time. According to the chapter's Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology section, Wynn is using which technique to enhance his memory?

Keisha is determined to ace her microbiology final. Which of the following strategies would be LEAST likely to improve her memory for the material covered in her microbiology textbook?

REM sleep facilitates consolidation of _____ memories.

While Ellen was taking a test, she had trouble remembering a specific piece of information that she had studied. According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology feature, Ellen might be able to jog the blocked memory by:

Non-REM sleep facilitates consolidation of _____ memories.

According to the Enhancing Well-Being with Psychology section on improving your memory:

Kyle is determined to do well on his final exams, and decides to apply what he has learned about elaborative rehearsal to his own studying strategies. Which of the following suggestions is NOT an effective way to engage in elaborative rehearsal?

Procedural memories are consolidated during _____ sleep.

According to the Focus on Neuroscience feature "Mapping Brain Changes in Alzheimer's Disease", cross sections of the brain of a person who died of Alzheimer's disease showed:

For her anatomy and physiology class, Chelsea has to learn a list of the 12 cranial nerves in correct order. Spending extra time rehearsing _____ would help her counteract the serial position effect.

Declarative memories are consolidated during _____ sleep.