Question 1

Episodic memory is the category of long-term memory that includes the memory of facts, names, concepts, and other general knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory actually refers to the memory of personal experiences or events, not general knowledge. Memory of facts, names, and concepts falls under the category of semantic memory.

Question 2

According to Culture and Human Behavior: Culture's Effect on Earliest Memories, autobiographical memory is closely related to episodic memory and refers to events of your life-your personal life history.

Accepted Answer

Autobiographical memory is closely related to episodic memory and refers to events of your life-your personal life history.

Question 3

When Travis got to his nine o'clock math class, another student asked him what had been discussed in the eight o'clock history class. Travis was able to answer because the information was stored in his long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

Travis was able to answer the question because the information was stored in his long-term memory, which is where information is stored for long periods of time.

Question 4

According to the working memory model developed by British psychologist Alan Baddeley, the central executive controls attention, integrates information, and manages the activities of the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the functioning of the central executive in Baddeley's working memory model. The phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad are two of the subcomponents of working memory that are controlled by the central executive.

Question 5

British psychologist and memory researcher Alan Baddeley developed the best-known model of working memory, which has three components, the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad, and the central executive.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Alan Baddeley is known for proposing the working memory model with three components - the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad, and the central executive.

Question 6

According to the working memory model developed by British psychologist Alan Baddeley, the visuospatial sketchpad is the component that is specialized for spatial or visual material, such as remembering the layout of a room or city.

Accepted Answer

The visuospatial sketchpad is indeed the component of Baddeley's working memory model that is specialized for spatial or visual material.

Question 7

A cross-cultural study found that the average age of earliest autobiographical memories for Taiwanese and Chinese college students tended to be earlier than the average age of earliest autobiographical memories for European American college students.

Accepted Answer

Research generally indicates that European American college students tend to have earlier autobiographical memories compared to Taiwanese and Chinese college students, likely due to cultural differences in self-construal and memory socialization practices.

Question 8

Episodic memory and semantic memory are components of Baddeley's working memory model.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory and semantic memory are components of Baddeley's long-term memory, not working memory. The components of Baddeley's working memory model are the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, central executive, and episodic buffer.

Question 9

A cross-cultural study found that the content of earliest autobiographical memories for Taiwanese and Chinese college students tended to concern routine activities performed in the company of other people.

Accepted Answer

This is a accurate statement based on a cross-cultural study.

Question 10

One of the most effective strategies for encoding information into long-term memory is elaborative rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal involves actively relating new information to existing knowledge and creating connections between them, which has been found to enhance encoding and retention in long-term memory.

Question 11

Semantic information is information kept in short-term memory just long enough to be processed before being moved into long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

This statement is incorrect. Semantic information refers to the meaning and context of information, and is stored in long-term memory rather than short-term memory.

Question 12

Maintenance rehearsal is a more effective strategy than elaborative rehearsal for encoding information into long-memory.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Elaborative rehearsal, which involves making meaningful connections between new information and existing knowledge, is a more effective strategy for encoding information into long-term memory than maintenance rehearsal, which involves simply repeating information without adding meaning or connecting it to other knowledge.

Question 13

Based on several lines of evidence, today's memory researchers recognize that long-term memory is a simple, singular memory system.

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is not a singular memory system, but rather made up of different types of memories, including explicit (declarative) and implicit (non-declarative) memory. These can be further divided into subtypes, such as episodic and semantic memory for explicit memory and procedural memory for implicit memory.

Question 14

Long-term memory storage capacity seems to be limitless.

Accepted Answer

According to research, long-term memory storage capacity does not seem to have a specific limit, though it may vary based on individual differences and the type of information being stored.

Question 15

Applying information to yourself, the self-reference effect, improves your memory for information.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that applying new information to oneself or personal experiences can increase retention and recall compared to when the information is presented in a non-personal context. This is known as the self-reference effect.

Question 16

In a cross-cultural study comparing the earliest memories of college students, researchers found that the average age for earliest memories was much earlier for U.S.-born students than for Taiwanese or Chinese students.

Accepted Answer

This is a well-documented finding in cross-cultural studies on earliest memories. Studies have consistently shown that students from Western cultures tend to have earlier earliest memories than students from Asian cultures.

Question 17

According to the working memory model developed by British psychologist Alan Baddeley, the phonological loop is the component that is specialized for spatial or visual material, such as remembering the layout of a room or city.

Accepted Answer

The phonological loop is actually specialized for verbal or auditory material, such as remembering a phone number or a list of words. The visuospatial sketchpad is the component that is specialized for spatial or visual material.

Question 18

If you're like most people, you probably don't remember when or where you acquired most of your semantic memories.

Accepted Answer

Semantic memories are the memories we have of general knowledge and facts, and are usually acquired gradually over time rather than with a specific event or experience. Therefore, it is unlikely that most people can recall when or where they acquired these memories.

Question 19

A cross-cultural study found that the content of earliest autobiographical memories for Taiwanese and Chinese college students tended to concern discrete events and the personal emotions they evoked.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that Taiwanese and Chinese students' earliest memories often focus on social interactions and collective experiences rather than discrete events and personal emotions.

Question 20

Implicit memory is also referred to as nondeclarative memory because it consists of memories of which we are not consciously aware.

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory is also known as nondeclarative memory because it involves memories that are not easily or consciously verbalized or declared. These memories include skills, habits, and other procedural memories that are expressed in behavior rather than words or conscious recollections.

Quiz 6: Memory