Question 1

When Nathan was having personal and academic problems at college, he talked to his family and friends, asking for advice and help. It would appear that Nathan was using a(n) _____ coping strategy called _____.

Accepted Answer

Nathan is seeking social support from his family and friends, which is a type of emotion-focused coping strategy.

Question 2

Stephanie has a high-pressure job. Every day after work, she goes for a five-mile run because it takes her mind off her job and focuses it on other things. Stephanie is using an emotion-focused coping strategy called:

Accepted Answer

Escape-avoidance is an emotion-focused coping strategy where an individual engages in activities to distract themselves from stressors, such as Stephanie's running to take her mind off her job.

Question 3

Jason frequently exceeds his line of credit at the bank and runs up large debts on his credit card. Rather than cutting back on his spending, he tends to fantasize about winning the state lottery. Jason is using a form of emotion-focused coping called:

Accepted Answer

Jason is using escape-avoidance coping by relying on the fantasy of winning the lottery to avoid dealing with his financial problems. Instead of actively addressing the issue by cutting back on his spending or seeking help, he’s trying to escape his problems through wishful thinking.

Question 4

Which perspective does Shelley Taylor cite in support of her tend-and-befriend model of stress response?

Accepted Answer

Shelley Taylor cites the evolutionary perspective in support of her tend-and-befriend model of stress response, which suggests that women have evolved to respond to stress with nurturing and social bonding behaviors as a means of protecting themselves and their offspring.

Question 5

According to the In Focus box "Gender Differences in Responding to Stress," a study investigating the effect of hormones on stress reduction found that healthy men who received a dose of the hormone _____ before being subjected to a stressful procedure were less anxious and had lower cortisol levels than the men who received a placebo.

Accepted Answer

The In Focus box "Gender Differences in Responding to Stress" states that a study investigating the effect of hormones on stress reduction found that healthy men who received a dose of the hormone oxytocin before being subjected to a stressful procedure were less anxious and had lower cortisol levels than the men who received a placebo.

Question 6

The In Focus box on gender differences in responding to stress presents Shelley Taylor's idea that women respond to stress with a different behavioral pattern than men. According to Taylor, which hormone might be partly responsible for women's behavioral responses to stress?

Accepted Answer

According to Shelley Taylor's idea, oxytocin might be partly responsible for women's behavioral responses to stress.

Question 7

Which of the following behaviors is an example of the tend-and-befriend response as described by health psychologist Shelley Taylor?

Accepted Answer

The tend-and-befriend response is a protective response to stress characterized by seeking social support and nurturing behavior. Lacey grabbing her daughter and seeking protection under a desk is an example of this type of response. A, C, and D are not examples of the tend-and-befriend response.

Question 8

In the In Focus box on gender differences in responding to stress features, psychologist Shelley Taylor argues that men and women respond to stress with a fundamentally different behavioral pattern. What evidence does she cite to support her idea?

Accepted Answer

Shelley Taylor cites evidence that female animals are more likely to take cover and tend offspring than fight or flee in response to a threat, supporting the idea of a different behavioral pattern in stress response.

Question 9

Your textbook identifies several emotion-focused coping strategies. Which of the following is NOT an emotion-focused coping strategy?

Accepted Answer

Confrontive coping is not an emotion-focused coping strategy. It is a problem-focused coping strategy that involves directly confronting the stressor and taking action to change the situation. The other options, distancing, escape-avoidance, and positive reappraisal, are all examples of emotion-focused coping strategies.

Question 10

When their basement flooded during a torrential rainstorm, Megan and Logan made jokes about starting a fish farm in the basement to raise money to replace their ruined possessions. Their use of humor to help cope with the situation is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Megan and Logan's use of humor to cope with the situation is an example of emotion-focused coping, which involves managing emotions associated with a stressful situation rather than directly addressing the problem causing the stress.

Question 11

Whenever Caleb gets stressed out or upset, he tends to drink excessively in order to drown his sorrows. Caleb is using a maladaptive form of an emotion-focused coping strategy called:

Accepted Answer

Caleb's coping strategy of drinking excessively to escape his emotions is considered escape-avoidance. This coping mechanism is maladaptive and can ultimately lead to further negative consequences. Positive reappraisal involves changing the way one thinks about a situation, distancing involves taking a step back from the situation to gain perspective, and confrontation involves directly addressing the problem.

Question 12

_____ is primarily aimed at relieving or regulating the emotional impact of a stressful situation.

Accepted Answer

Emotion-focused coping is primarily aimed at relieving or regulating the emotional impact of a stressful situation. This type of coping focuses on managing one's emotional response to the stressor rather than directly addressing the problem itself. Examples of emotion-focused coping include seeking social support, using relaxation techniques, or engaging in distracting activities.

Question 13

Jasmine is a police detective. To cope with her high level of stress, she goes to aerobic classes and works out in the gym four or five times a week. Jasmine is using a(n) _____ coping strategy called _____.

Accepted Answer

Jasmine is using an emotion-focused coping strategy called escape-avoidance. This strategy involves avoiding or escaping from stressful situations, rather than confronting them or trying to change them.

Question 14

According to psychologist Shelley Taylor, women respond to stress with a behavioral pattern she calls:

Accepted Answer

According to Shelley Taylor, women respond to stress with a behavioral pattern called tend-and-befriend, which involves seeking social support and nurturing others in response to stress. This is in contrast to the fight-or-flight response that is typically associated with men's response to stress.

Question 15

According to research presented in the In Focus box on gender differences in responding to stress, when they come home after a stressful day at work, fathers are more likely to _____, while mothers are more likely to _____.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that fathers tend to withdraw and prefer solitude after stress, while mothers often seek interaction and nurture their family.

Question 16

When the stressor is severe and chronic and really needs immediate attention, escape-avoidance behaviors:

Accepted Answer

When stressors are severe and chronic, escape-avoidance behaviors can be counterproductive as they focus on avoiding or ignoring the problem rather than solving it. In such cases, problem-focused coping strategies are more effective.

Question 17

The In Focus box on gender differences in responding to stress presents Shelley Taylor's proposal that women tend and befriend in response to stress. In this model, befriend refers to:

Accepted Answer

According to Shelley Taylor's tend-and-befriend model, women tend to seek out social support and resources from others, which is what is meant by "befriend" in response to stress. This is thought to be a neurobiological response that has evolved in females as a way to protect themselves and their offspring during times of stress.

Question 18

The In Focus box on gender differences in responding to stress presents Shelley Taylor's proposal that women tend and befriend in response to stress. In this model, tend refers to:

Accepted Answer

In Shelley Taylor's model, "tend" refers to nurturing activities, such as taking cover and protecting offspring, as a response to stress.

Question 19

As compared to men, women are more likely to _____ under stressful circumstances.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women tend to rely more on social support when faced with stress, seeking out family members or close friends for emotional support and comfort. Men, on the other hand, are more likely to engage in confrontive coping strategies or turn to substance abuse. Therefore, option C is the most suitable choice.

Question 20

According to the In Focus box that discusses gender differences in responding to stress, researcher Shelly Taylor suggests that the hormone oxytocin:

Accepted Answer

Shelly Taylor's research suggests that oxytocin may be involved in calming stressed females, promoting affiliative behavior, inhibiting the fight-or-flight response, and encouraging the tend-and-befriend response, thus encompassing all the behaviors mentioned.

Quiz 12: Stress, Health, and Coping

When Nathan was having personal and academic problems at college, he talked to his family and friends, asking for advice and help. It would appear that Nathan was using a(n) _ coping strategy called _.