Question 1

Which of the following statements about self-esteem is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Independence is generally positively related to self-esteem, especially in cultures that value individualism and personal achievement.

Question 2

If a person basks in the reflected glory of his or her group,which of the following is most likely?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

Group-enhancing biases are

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that group-enhancing biases are more pronounced among Westerners than East Asians. This may be because Western cultures tend to place more emphasis on individualism and self-promotion, while East Asian cultures value modesty and harmony within the group.

Question 4

Which of the following would be an example of secondary control?

Accepted Answer

Secondary control involves adjusting oneself to fit the environment or situation, rather than changing the environment itself. Convincing oneself that taking the bus is not so bad is an example of adjusting one's attitude or perception to fit the situation.

Question 5

A study comparing Protestants and non-Protestants in their interactions with others in a working context found that Protestants

Accepted Answer

Protestants paid less attention to relational cues than non-Protestant men in a serious work task, indicating a focus on task over relational aspects in such contexts.

Question 6

What is one distinction between "predestination" and "calling"?

Accepted Answer

Predestination refers to the belief that some individuals are chosen by God to go to heaven or hell after death based on factors beyond their control, while calling refers to the belief that individuals are chosen by God for a particular purpose in life, which should be fulfilled before death. Therefore, predestination is associated with something after death, while calling is associated with something before death.

Question 7

Several real estate agents have been convicted of several counts of real estate fraud.The most plausible reaction from American and Japanese news outlets is that Japanese newspapers are likelier than American ones to

Accepted Answer

The Japanese culture places a higher emphasis on collective responsibility, so it is more likely that the Japanese news outlets would view the real estate companies to be at fault for not properly monitoring their agents. In contrast, American news outlets may focus more on individual responsibility and punishment for the convicted agents.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of face?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is true...

Question 9

A person is building a road to connect two towns,but the road is stopped by a mountain.The person can either build the road so that it follows the side of the mountain and continues on from the other side,or the person can just tunnel through the mountain.This person decides that people should not get pushed around by nature,so decides to tunnel through the mountain.Which of the following terms best describes this way of thinking?

Accepted Answer

The decision to tunnel through the mountain reflects an "incremental theory of the world," which suggests that the world can be changed and controlled through effort and action.

Question 10

Which of the following was NOT a belief to emerge from the Protestant Reformation?

Accepted Answer

The belief that people are inherently good was not a belief to emerge from the Protestant Reformation. In fact, the Reformers emphasized the concept of original sin, which states that all humans are born with a sinful nature inherited from Adam and Eve.

Question 11

Based on Sanchez-Burks's research on relational styles and work,how does religion affect relational styles?

Accepted Answer

According to Sanchez-Burks's research, Protestantism leads people to attend less to relationships than do non-Protestant religions when engaged in a work task. This means that they prioritize work over relationships, regardless of the condition.

Question 12

A Catholic and a Protestant walk into a bar.Their names are Jon and Jack,respectively.They start discussing everything from social issues to psychological research.They agree that they have many similarities and differences.Based on the textbook's research on Catholics and Protestants,which of the following is likely similar or different between the two of them?

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, Protestants tend to be more individualistic than Catholics. Therefore, it is likely that Jack is more individualistic than Jon. The other choices are not supported by the research on Catholics and Protestants.

Question 13

Which combination of different ways of thinking is most conducive to developing learned helplessness?

Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness occurs when individuals believe that they have little control over their environment or outcomes, leading them to give up trying to improve their situation. The combination of having a high entity theory of the world (believing that the environment is fixed and unchangeable) and low ability to exert primary control (believing that one's actions have little effect on the environment) is most conducive to developing learned helplessness.

Question 14

Raquel habitually engages in self-enhancement.She recently did poorly on a sociology exam.Which of the following would you NOT expect her to do?

Accepted Answer

Raquel, who engages in self-enhancement, is likely to avoid comparing herself with the best student, as it would highlight her shortcomings rather than enhance her self-image.

Question 15

Ichiro,a Japanese student,wants to sell his used book that he's had for a decade.Kent,an American student,wants to sell the exact same book,which he has also owned for a decade.They price their respective books depending on how much they think the books are worth.The books themselves are valued at $50.Which of the following best predicts what the two price tags will most likely be?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ichiro,a Japanese student,wants to sell his used...

Question 16

Kosuke is a Japanese student who just won a drawing competition.Kent is a Canadian student who also just won a drawing competition.Immediately after their victories,they were asked to create another drawing.Compared to Kosuke,what is Kent more likely to do?

Accepted Answer

Kent is more likely to spend more time drawing than Kosuke because in Western cultures, winning a competition is often seen as a sign of achievement and motivates individuals to continue working hard to improve their skills. In contrast, in Japanese culture, winning a competition may lead to a feeling of complacency and a decreased motivation to continue working hard.

Question 17

How is the Protestant Reformation relevant to the question of why Westerners self-enhance so much?

Accepted Answer

The Protestant Reformation introduced the concept of predestination, which may lead individuals to view themselves positively as they are motivated to believe they are among the elect destined for heaven.

Question 18

Based on the biases self-enhancers have,which of the following is someone who self-enhances most likely to say after failing a chemistry test?

Accepted Answer

Self-enhancers tend to make excuses for their failures and find ways to maintain their positive self-image. Option A implies that the person still has the ability to do well in another subject, highlighting their competence in another area and maintaining their positive self-image.

Question 19

Which of the following people would you expect to feel the need to maintain face?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following people would you...

Question 20

Claudia and Hideki are math students.Claudia has a self-enhancement orientation,whereas Hideki has a self-improvement orientation.The best way to make them both continue to put in effort to learn math is to give

Accepted Answer

Claudia, with a self-enhancement orientation, is motivated by success and positive feedback, so an easy test will encourage her. Hideki, with a self-improvement orientation, is motivated by challenges and learning from mistakes, so a difficult test will drive his effort.

Quiz 8: Motivation