Question 1

At Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development,someone is considered moral when she

Accepted Answer

At Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development, individuals tend to follow societal norms and rules in order to gain approval from others or to avoid punishment. Refraining from stealing from a store because it is illegal is an example of following societal norms, which is considered moral at this level. The other choices do not necessarily reflect this level of moral development.

Question 2

Aaron believes that it would be acceptable for someone to have sex with a chicken if it were consistent with cultural norms.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Conventional moral reasoning involves conforming to societal norms and expectations, which aligns with Aaron's belief that the acceptability of an action depends on cultural norms.

Question 3

The moral reasoning of people of orthodox religious sects tend to fit the best with

Accepted Answer

People of orthodox religious sects tend to prioritize the ethic of divinity, which emphasizes obedience to a higher authority or divine commandment, over the other ethical frameworks. This is reflected in their moral reasoning, which may involve adherence to strict religious doctrines and traditional values.

Question 4

According to the textbook,progressive and orthodox religious groups are fundamentally different from each other in terms of how they reason about moral issues.True or false?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the textbook,progressive and orthodox religious...

Question 5

Confucian scholars in seventeenth-century Korea were concerned about Catholic converts teaching Koreans to not respect their ancestors,thus ignoring their obligations as dictated by the laws of nature.This way of thinking indicates concerns borne out of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Confucian scholars in seventeenth-century Korea were concerned...

Question 6

According to the secularization theory,which of the following findings seem the likeliest?

Accepted Answer

According to secularization theory, there should be a decline in the use of religion and divinity to determine morality as societies become more rational and scientific.

Question 7

A professor signed a contract with a publisher to write a textbook by Christmas,after which he will be paid $15,000.What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

This situation exemplifies the relationships in Gesellschaft groups, which are characterized by formal, contractual, and goal-oriented interactions, such as a business agreement between a professor and a publisher.

Question 8

An orthodox Baptist and a progressive Baptist are watching news coverage of China's ban on pornography.According to research on orthodoxy/progressiveness and morality,which of the following dynamics is likeliest to be true in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

According to research, progressives tend to place a higher value on individual autonomy and personal choice, while orthodox individuals tend to prioritize adherence to traditional moral values and social norms. Therefore, the progressive Baptist is likelier to oppose the ban on pornography on the grounds that it infringes on individual autonomy and the ability to make personal decisions about what is acceptable.

Question 9

While traveling in China,a businessman contemplated whether to circumvent China's Great Firewall to access censored websites such as Facebook and YouTube.Which of the following is NOT something that he would invoke in making the decision,based on Kohlberg's model of moral development?

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's model of moral development does not include religious beliefs as a basis for moral reasoning.

Question 10

Cross-cultural tests of Kohlberg's model of moral reasoning reveal that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cross-cultural tests of Kohlberg's model of moral...

Question 11

Lloyd is politically very conservative,scores highly on the "loyalty to in-group" moral institution,and greatly respects hierarchy.Thus,there would be a good cultural fit between Lloyd and a culture that is characterized by

Accepted Answer

Gemeinschaft refers to a traditional, close-knit community that places a strong emphasis on loyalty, respect for authority or hierarchy, and adherence to traditional values and norms. Lloyd's political conservatism and high score on loyalty to in-group suggest that he would fit well in such a culture. The other answer choices (ethic of divinity, secularization, principle of equity, and Gesellschaft) do not necessarily match Lloyd's values and beliefs as well as Gemeinschaft.

Question 12

According to studies of immorality and thought,what will a Jewish person think of a man who is thinking about cheating on his wife?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to studies of immorality and thought,what...

Question 13

Comparisons of the moral reasoning of people engaged in disgusting behaviors (such as having sex with dead chickens)find that

Accepted Answer

The comparison of moral reasoning of people engaged in disgusting behaviors finds that lower-SES Americans and lower-SES Brazilians tend to view the actions as immoral. Therefore, option D is the correct choice. The other options are not supported by the given information.

Question 14

It is a valid task to objectively determine whether some cultures are morally more superior to others.True or false?

Accepted Answer

It is difficult to determine an objective standard by which to compare different cultures morally, and therefore determining moral superiority is not a valid task. The moral values and beliefs held by different cultures are shaped by their unique histories, religions, and social structures, making comparisons difficult. Morality is a complex and multifaceted concept that is difficult to measure or compare objectively. Furthermore, moral intuitions, which are subjective and culture-specific, may play a significant role in determining one's personal morality. Therefore, it is not possible to objectively determine whether some cultures are morally more superior to others.

Question 15

At Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development,someone is considered moral when he

Accepted Answer

At the preconventional level, moral reasoning is based on personal consequences and rewards. Choice C reflects this as the person is motivated by the recognition they will receive.

Question 16

Which of the following is considered immoral by the standards of the ethic of community?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is considered immoral...

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT part of Shweder's model of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Shweder's model of moral reasoning includes the ethic of autonomy, the ethic of community, and the ethic of divinity. The ethic of justice is not part of Shweder's model.

Question 18

According to the textbook,which of the following is a challenge that faces the evolutionist perspective of cultural diversity?

Accepted Answer

The evolutionist perspective struggles with objectively evaluating psychological phenomena across different cultures, as it requires a standardized method to assess and compare these phenomena without cultural bias.

Question 19

Based on research about morality among Hindu Indians and Americans,which of the following would you expect to occur?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that Hindu Indians are more likely than Americans to see social obligations as legitimate moral issues, and therefore more likely to feel that attending a friend's birthday celebration is a moral issue that should be regulated.

Question 20

The postconventional level of moral development is most closely associated with what code of ethic?

Accepted Answer

The postconventional level of moral development, according to Kohlberg, is characterized by an understanding of universal ethical principles and the concept of autonomy, where individuals follow self-chosen ethical principles.

Quiz 12: Morality, religion, and Justice