Question 1

The most effective psychotherapists are those who

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that the most important factor in the success of psychotherapy is the relationship between the therapist and the client. Establishing an empathic, caring relationship with clients is therefore a key characteristic of effective psychotherapists. The other options (using personality tests, years of experience, and discouraging medication use) may be helpful in certain situations, but they are not as universally important for effective psychotherapy as the therapeutic relationship.

Question 2

A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family's backyard pool three times a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist's approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The therapist's approach of gradually exposing Rebecca to her fear of water and helping her overcome it through repeated exposure is characteristic of exposure therapy. Aversive conditioning involves associating a negative response with a behavior, while psychodynamic therapy focuses on exploring unconscious conflicts and emotional experiences. EMDR is a specific type of therapy used to treat trauma.

Question 3

Classical psychoanalysts were especially interested in

Accepted Answer

Classical psychoanalysts were known for their emphasis on interpreting the meaning of patients' resistance to therapeutic procedures. This allowed therapists to gain insight into the patient's unconscious thoughts and emotions, which were believed to drive their maladaptive behaviors. The other options (A, B, and C) are not accurate descriptions of classical psychoanalytic techniques or beliefs.

Question 4

Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with

Accepted Answer

ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) requires patients to receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant before treatment. rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) does not require anesthesia or muscle relaxants, EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) and SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) do not require any form of anesthesia or muscle relaxants.

Question 5

Which of the following is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

Prozac is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) commonly used to treat depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders. Xanax is a benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety and panic disorders, lithium is a mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorder, and Thorazine is a antipsychotic medication used to treat certain mental health disorders.

Question 6

Many physicians did not realize that bleeding was an ineffective treatment for typhoid fever until researchers made effective use of

Accepted Answer

The use of a control group allows researchers to compare the effectiveness of different treatments in a controlled setting. By comparing the outcomes of patients treated with bleeding to those who received no treatment, researchers were able to determine that bleeding was an ineffective treatment for typhoid fever. Systematic desensitization, psychopharmacology, and exposure therapies are not relevant to the treatment of typhoid fever.

Question 7

While focusing on several intrusive thoughts that had been bothering her recently, Jenny was instructed by her therapist to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny's therapist was making use of a technique known as

Accepted Answer

The technique described is free association, where the patient is directed to report any thoughts, images or memories that come to mind in response to a particular stimulus. Active listening involves the therapist paying close attention to the patient's words and emotions to build rapport and empathize with the patient; systematic desensitization is a technique used to gradually expose a patient to a feared stimulus in a controlled and safe environment to reduce anxiety; and transference occurs when a patient unconsciously transfers feelings and emotions onto the therapist that were originally associated with someone else in their life.

Question 8

To help Janet overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate, a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter-tasting substance. This approach to treatment best illustrates

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes aversive conditioning, which involves pairing an undesirable, aversive stimulus (the bitter-tasting substance in the chocolate) with a behavior or substance that a person is trying to avoid (chocolate in this case). By experiencing the unpleasant taste associated with the chocolate, Janet may be less likely to crave it in the future.

Question 9

In a home for troubled youth, adolescents receive large colored buttons when they hang up their clothes, make their beds, and come to meals on time. The adolescents return the buttons to staff members to receive bedtime snacks or watch TV. This best illustrates an application of

Accepted Answer

The scenario described represents an example of operant conditioning, specifically positive reinforcement. The colored buttons serve as a reward for the desired behaviors of hanging up clothes, making beds, and arriving on time for meals. Returning the buttons to staff members results in further positive reinforcement in the form of bedtime snacks or TV time. This system is used to increase the likelihood of these behaviors being repeated in the future. Neither client-centered therapy, systematic desensitization, nor virtual reality exposure therapy are applicable to this particular scenario.

Question 10

The goal of encouraging therapy clients to reduce their incapacitating anxiety by saying positive things to themselves during anxiety-producing situations best illustrates a form of

Accepted Answer

The technique described in the question, encouraging clients to say positive things to themselves during anxiety-producing situations, is a key component of cognitive therapy. This therapy focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and beliefs, which can lead to a reduction in symptoms of anxiety and other mental health issues.

Question 11

Which of the following is an important component of therapeutic lifestyle change promoted by Stephen Ilardi and his colleagues?

Accepted Answer

The therapeutic lifestyle change promoted by Stephen Ilardi and his colleagues involves several components, but a key one is regular aerobic exercise. This is because exercise can have positive effects on mood, stress levels, and overall physical health. Other components of the TLC program include dietary changes, social support, and stress reduction techniques. However, rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation), free association, and systematic desensitization are not typically associated with this specific program.

Question 12

Considering the greatest range of factors that may contribute to the process of healing is most clearly facilitated by a ________ approach to therapy.

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach takes into account biological, psychological, and social factors that may contribute to the process of healing. This approach is a comprehensive and holistic way to understand and address the multifaceted nature of healing. The other options listed (biomedical, psychodynamic, and client-centered) do not address all aspects of healing in the same way as the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 13

A therapist who uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods is said to be

Accepted Answer

An eclectic therapist uses a variety of different psychological theories and therapeutic methods, combining them in a personalized way to meet the specific needs of each client. This approach allows for a flexible and individualized treatment that can be tailored to different clients and their unique situations.

Question 14

Who emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy, which involves listening with empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard. He believed that the therapist's ability to listen actively and attentively to the client is crucial in establishing a therapeutic relationship and promoting growth and self-awareness in the client.

Question 15

Systematic desensitization is a form of

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a form of exposure therapy used to treat anxiety and phobia. This technique gradually exposes the individual to the feared object or situation while providing relaxation techniques to help them cope and reduce their anxiety. Aversive conditioning involves pairing an unpleasant stimulus with an undesired behavior to decrease that behavior. Free association is a psychoanalytic technique used to explore unconscious thoughts and emotions. Electroconvulsive therapy is a medical treatment for severe mental illness involving the administration of electric shocks to the brain.

Question 16

Which of the following factors is NOT a therapeutically effective component of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following factors is NOT...

Question 17

If a patient suffers uncontrollable seizures, physicians can destroy specific nerve clusters that cause or transmit the convulsions. This best illustrates a procedure known as

Accepted Answer

Destroying specific nerve clusters to control seizures is a form of psychosurgery, also known as neurosurgery. Options A, C, and D do not relate to this particular procedure. rTMS is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique used for treating depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions. Systematic desensitization is a behavioral therapy used for treating anxiety disorders. Electroconvulsive therapy is a procedure used for treating severe depression or psychosis.

Question 18

Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapists believe that unconditional positive regard and acceptance are essential for creating a supportive and safe environment in which clients can explore their thoughts and feelings. They prioritize the client's subjective experience and see the client as the expert on their own life. Therefore, the therapist's role is to provide empathy, understanding, and support, rather than interpretation or advice.

Question 19

Which of the following drugs is most likely to provide schizophrenia patients with some relief from their auditory hallucinations and paranoia?

Accepted Answer

Thorazine is an antipsychotic medication that is commonly used to treat schizophrenia. It works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, which can help to reduce symptoms such as auditory hallucinations and paranoia. Xanax is a benzodiazepine medication that is primarily used to treat anxiety, and is not typically used as a first-line treatment for schizophrenia. Lithium is primarily used to treat bipolar disorder, and while it may have some benefits for certain symptoms of schizophrenia, it is not typically considered a first-line treatment. Prozac is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant, and is not considered an effective treatment for most symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 20

To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs, a therapist encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using systematic desensitization, a technique commonly used in the treatment of phobias. By encouraging Adam to imagine himself in a relaxed state approaching a friendly dog, the therapist is gradually exposing him to the feared stimulus in a controlled and safe manner, aiming to reduce his fear response over time.

Quiz 15: Therapy