Question 1

Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins are sometimes seen in people who
A)do not eat green vegetables.
B)avoid dairy products.
C)have a fat malabsorption disorder.
D)are overweight.

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins require fats for absorption and are stored in body fat for later use. Deficiencies are therefore more likely to occur in individuals with fat malabsorption disorders, such as cystic fibrosis or liver disease. Deficiencies may also occur in individuals who avoid all dietary fat, but this is less common than fat malabsorption disorders. Not eating green vegetables or being overweight may contribute to deficiencies in some vitamins, but this is not specific to fat-soluble vitamins. Avoiding dairy products may lead to calcium or vitamin D deficiencies, but these are not fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 2

Which of the following were once referred to as accessory factors?
A)coenzymes
B)binding factors
C)vitamins and minerals
D)supplements

Accepted Answer

Vitamins and minerals were once referred to as accessory factors due to their essential role in small amounts for the proper functioning of the body's metabolism, acting as co-factors for enzymes.

Question 3

The letters used to identify the fat-soluble vitamins indicate
A)the compound from which the vitamins are synthesized.
B)the order of importance that the vitamins play in the body.
C)the abbreviation of the vitamins' chemical name.
D)the chronological order in which the vitamins were discovered.

Accepted Answer

The letters used to identify the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) indicate the chronological order in which the vitamins were discovered. Vitamin A was the first to be discovered, followed by vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K.

Question 4

Research studies suggest that diets rich in vitamin D are associated with a lower risk of developing
A)cataracts.
B)colon cancer.
C)osteoporosis.
D)type 2 diabetes.

Accepted Answer

Research studies have shown that diets rich in vitamin D are associated with a lower risk of developing colon cancer. Vitamin D plays a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation, and can help prevent the growth of cancerous cells in the colon. However, vitamin D does play a role in eye health (which could affect cataracts), bone health (which could affect osteoporosis), and glucose metabolism (which could affect type 2 diabetes).

Question 5

Which of the following is a trace mineral?
A)iron
B)vitamin B₁₂
C)vitamin C
D)calcium

Accepted Answer

Iron is a trace mineral, meaning that it is required in small amounts for proper body function but is not produced by the body itself. Vitamin B₁₂ and vitamin C are both vitamins, while calcium is a macromineral.

Question 6

Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as
A)ascorbic acid.
B)vitamin B₁₂.
C)vitamin K.
D)vitamin B₆.

Accepted Answer

Phylloquinone and menaquinone are two forms of vitamin K, which plays a critical role in blood clotting and bone metabolism. Ascorbic acid is vitamin C, vitamin B₁₂ is involved in red blood cell production and nervous system function, and vitamin B₆ is important for brain development and immune function, but neither of these vitamins are commonly referred to as phylloquinone or menaquinone.

Question 7

A megadose of a vitamin is defined as consuming how many times the recommended intake?
A)≥ 10
B)≥ 50
C)≥ 100
D)≥ 200

Accepted Answer

A megadose of a vitamin is defined as consuming at least 10 times the recommended intake. This can lead to adverse effects and toxicity.

Question 8

Since vitamins are found in a wide variety of foods, they are considered non-essential nutrients.

Accepted Answer

Vitamins are considered essential nutrients as they are required for normal body function and must be obtained through the diet, as the body cannot produce them on its own.

Question 9

Toxicity to water-soluble vitamins is most often due to the over-use of high-potency vitamin supplements.

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble vitamins, such as B vitamins and vitamin C, are typically not stored in the body and are excreted through urine if taken in excess. Overdosing on water-soluble vitamins is most commonly a result of consuming high doses of vitamin supplements. Fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin A, D, E, and K, can accumulate in the body and cause toxicity if taken in excess.

Question 10

What is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in large amounts in the human body?
A)thiamin
B)vitamin B₁₂
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin D

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B₁₂ is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in large amounts in the human body, mainly in the liver. The other water-soluble vitamins (such as vitamin C and thiamin) are not typically stored in large amounts and are therefore needed more frequently in the diet. Vitamin D, while sometimes considered a vitamin, is actually a hormone and is not water-soluble.

Question 11

Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity?
A)vitamins A and D
B)vitamins C and K
C)vitamins E and B₁₂
D)thiamin and riboflavin

Accepted Answer

Vitamins A and D are fat-soluble vitamins, meaning they are stored in the body's fat tissue and can accumulate to toxic levels if consumed in excessive amounts over time. The other vitamins listed are water-soluble, meaning any excess is excreted in the urine and less likely to reach toxic levels.

Question 12

Which statement is FALSE regarding fat-soluble vitamins?
A)Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in adipose tissue and the liver.
B)Over-consumption of fat-soluble vitamins can lead to toxicity symptoms.
C)Fat-soluble vitamins need to be consumed on a daily basis.
D)Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with dietary fat.

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins do not necessarily need to be consumed on a daily basis as they can be stored in the body for long periods of time.

Question 13

The human body can synthesize which two fat-soluble vitamins?
A)vitamin B₁₂ and vitamin C
B)vitamin D and vitamin K
C)vitamin E and vitamin A
D)thiamin and niacin

Accepted Answer

The human body can synthesize vitamin D through exposure to sunlight and vitamin K is synthesized by bacteria in the large intestine. The other options are incorrect as vitamin B₁₂ and vitamin C are water-soluble vitamins, and vitamin E and vitamin A cannot be synthesized by the human body. Thiamin and niacin are also water-soluble vitamins.

Question 14

Water-soluble vitamins are not toxic; they are harmless even when consumed in megadose amounts.

Accepted Answer

Although water-soluble vitamins are generally considered safe, consuming them in extremely high doses can lead to toxicity and adverse health effects. For example, excessive intake of vitamin C can cause diarrhea and gastrointestinal discomfort, while high doses of vitamin B6 can result in nerve damage. It is important to follow recommended daily intake guidelines and avoid taking supplements in excessively high doses without medical supervision.

Question 15

Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?
A)Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed easily from the intestinal tract into the blood.
B)Water-soluble vitamins are stored in large amounts in the body.
C)Water-soluble vitamins are found in a wide variety of foods.
D)Water-soluble vitamins are rarely toxic.

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in large amounts in the body. Instead, they are excreted in urine if not used immediately.

Question 16

Macronutrients are more efficiently absorbed by the body than micronutrients.

Accepted Answer

Macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats provide the body with energy and building blocks for various tissues and organs. These nutrients are broken down and absorbed more efficiently by the body. On the other hand, micronutrients like vitamins and minerals are required in smaller amounts and are less efficiently absorbed by the body.

Question 17

Fat-soluble vitamins should be consumed more frequently than water-soluble vitamins.

Accepted Answer

Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body's fat tissues and can accumulate to toxic levels if consumed in excess, while water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body and are excreted in urine if consumed in excess. Therefore, water-soluble vitamins should be consumed more frequently than fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 18

Which of the following comprises the vitamin B₆ "umbrella" of compounds?
A)pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine
B)retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid
C)cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol
D)phylloquinone and menaquinone

Accepted Answer

The vitamin B₆ "umbrella" of compounds includes pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine.

Question 19

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in
A)fat.
B)calcium.
C)fiber.
D)vitamin C.

Accepted Answer

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins, which means that they require fat for proper absorption. Therefore, consuming them with foods that are rich in fat can enhance their absorption in the body.

Question 20

The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is
A)heme.
B)oxalic acid.
C)phenol.
D)pyridoxine.

Accepted Answer

The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is oxalic acid. Heme is a form of iron found in animal products, phenol is a compound found in plant foods that can have antioxidant properties, and pyridoxine is a form of vitamin B6.

Quiz 22: Vitamins and Minerals: Micronutrients With Macro Powers

Deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins are sometimes seen in people who

Which of the following were once referred to as accessory factors?

The letters used to identify the fat-soluble vitamins indicate

Research studies suggest that diets rich in vitamin D are associated with a lower risk of developing

Which of the following is a trace mineral?

Phylloquinone and menaquinone are better known as

A megadose of a vitamin is defined as consuming how many times the recommended intake?

Since vitamins are found in a wide variety of foods, they are considered non-essential nutrients.

Toxicity to water-soluble vitamins is most often due to the over-use of high-potency vitamin supplements.

What is the only water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in large amounts in the human body?

Which vitamins pose the greatest risk of toxicity?

Which statement is FALSE regarding fat-soluble vitamins?

The human body can synthesize which two fat-soluble vitamins?

Water-soluble vitamins are not toxic; they are harmless even when consumed in megadose amounts.

Which of the following statements does NOT describe water-soluble vitamins?

Macronutrients are more efficiently absorbed by the body than micronutrients.

Fat-soluble vitamins should be consumed more frequently than water-soluble vitamins.

Which of the following comprises the vitamin B₆ "umbrella" of compounds?

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in

The binder found in high-fiber foods that inhibits the absorption of iron and zinc is