Question 1

With the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, women who are unaware of pay discrimination are less likely to run out of time to file a claim once they find out about it.

Accepted Answer

The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act extended the time limit for filing pay discrimination claims, making it less likely for women to run out of time to file a claim once they become aware of pay discrimination.

Question 2

Disparate impact on the basis of sex occurs when an applicant or employee is intentionally treated differently because of sex.

Accepted Answer

Disparate impact on the basis of sex occurs when a policy or practice that is neutral on its face has a disproportionate impact on one sex over the other. It is not intentional discrimination, but rather a result of the policy or practice itself.

Question 3

Women and men can deviate from gender norms, but are penalized by society and organizations when they do so.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that women and men who deviate from traditional gender norms, such as women being assertive and men being emotional, often face negative consequences such as being viewed as less competent or likable. In organizations, these individuals may be passed over for promotions or face discrimination in hiring and performance evaluations.

Question 4

The role of "choice" in jobs occupied by men and women constrains the Equal Pay Act and other laws against pay discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The traditional division of labor based on gender roles often leads to men and women being steered into different types of jobs, with women often being concentrated in fields that are undervalued and underpaid. This lack of choice and the resulting gender segregation in the labor market can limit the effectiveness of laws meant to prohibit pay discrimination.

Question 5

As a double minority, women of color are likely to have more employment advantages than non-Hispanic White women.

Accepted Answer

Women of color face additional barriers and discrimination in the workplace, making it less likely that they will have more employment advantages than non-Hispanic White women.

Question 6

Worldwide, women are more likely to live in poverty than men.

Accepted Answer

According to the World Bank, women are more likely to live in poverty than men. This is due to various factors such as gender discrimination, limited access to education, and unequal pay for equal work.

Question 7

During a conversation about a promotion, Tom's supervisor, Mary, tells him that if he 	will meet her at a motel nearby for a sexual liaison, he will get the bonus he has been 	waiting for. Which of the following best describes this situation?

Accepted Answer

This situation is an example of quid pro quo sexual harassment, where a supervisor offers a sexual favor in exchange for job-related benefits. It is important to note that it is illegal and unethical for a supervisor to use their position of power to coerce subordinates into sexual situations.

Question 8

Quid pro quo harassment includes such things as jokes and photographs.

Accepted Answer

Quid pro quo harassment refers to the offer of benefits or the threat of retaliation in exchange for sexual favors or other conduct. Jokes and photographs would fall under the category of hostile work environment harassment.

Question 9

In the U.S., women comprise about half of the workforce, but occupy only 4% of the highest earning positions.

Accepted Answer

This is a well-documented statistic regarding gender inequality in the workplace in the U.S.

Question 10

In occupational choices, women who deviate from occupations viewed as gender appropriate have the opportunity to earn higher wages.

Accepted Answer

This is supported by research and often referred to as the "gender pay gap" or "occupational segregation." Women who choose occupations that are traditionally male-dominated or viewed as higher-paying may experience a wage premium compared to women who choose traditionally female-dominated occupations. However, it is important to note that there are still systemic barriers and discrimination that can impact women's earning potential regardless of their occupational choices.

Question 11

After 12 years of working in a female-dominated position, 44% of White men will have been promoted into management.

Accepted Answer

This statement suggests that White men have an advantage in promotion opportunities despite working in a female-dominated position, which can perpetuate gender inequality and limit diversity in management.

Question 12

The gap in earnings between women and men is even larger for younger women and men than older men and women.

Accepted Answer

Typically, the gender pay gap is smaller for younger women and men and tends to widen as they age, reflecting factors such as career interruptions for women and differences in career progression.

Question 13

Most women are physically unable to perform jobs such as police officer and firefighter.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Women are capable of performing physically demanding jobs such as police officer and firefighter. Physical ability should be the main factor in hiring for these roles rather than gender.

Question 14

Employers may find unintended positive outcomes result from efforts to remove discriminatory barriers to employment.

Accepted Answer

The removal of discriminatory barriers to employment can increase the pool of available talent, bring diverse perspectives and experiences into the workplace, and improve overall work culture and productivity.

Question 15

In the past few years, the number of women working as CEOs in Fortune 500 positions has reached almost 50.

Accepted Answer

While progress has been made in increasing the number of women CEOs in Fortune 500 companies, the actual number is still less than 10% and currently sits at 37 as of 2021. It has not yet reached almost 50.

Question 16

Women working full-time, earn less than 70 cents to the dollar earned by men working full-time year-round.

Accepted Answer

As of the latest data, women working full-time, year-round typically earn about 82 cents for every dollar earned by men working full-time, year-round, although this figure can vary by location and profession.

Question 17

In many countries, women comprise less than half of the population and about half of the workforce.

Accepted Answer

Globally, women make up approximately half of the population but do not constitute half of the workforce in many countries due to various factors including cultural norms, discrimination, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities.

Question 18

Referrals from coworkers are often pre-screened based on gender.

Accepted Answer

Referrals from coworkers can often be biased based on gender, as people may only recommend candidates who are of the same gender as themselves or whom they believe will fit in better with the company culture based on gender norms. This is a form of unconscious bias that can limit diversity and create a less inclusive workplace.

Question 19

The great majority of women in the U.S. are employed in a small number of occupational groups, referred to as "crowding".

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Women in the U.S. are disproportionately represented in certain occupational groups such as education, healthcare, and administrative support, while being underrepresented in fields like science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). This pattern is often referred to as "occupational crowding."

Question 20

Men are about 15% of sexual harassment targets.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that men make up approximately 15% of sexual harassment targets.

Quiz 9: Sex and Gender