Question 1

Which of the following organizations was established in 1988 to serve exclusively as an advocate for the science of psychology?

Accepted Answer

The American Psychological Society (now known as the Association for Psychological Science) was established in 1988 to serve exclusively as an advocate for the science of psychology. The American Psychological Association (APA) was founded in 1892 and serves a broader purpose, including both the science and practice of psychology. The Society for the Study of Scientific Psychology is not a real organization. The American Association for the Advancement of Science is an interdisciplinary scientific society and not specific to psychology.

Question 2

After World War II, many psychologists began to specialize in

Accepted Answer

After World War II, there was a significant increase in mental health problems, which led to an increase in demand for clinical psychologists to provide therapy and treatment. Additionally, the GI Bill provided funding for veterans to pursue higher education, leading to an increase in the number of clinical psychology programs offered in universities. As a result, many psychologists began to specialize in clinical psychology.

Question 3

The area of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders is

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychology is specifically focused on diagnosing and treating mental health disorders in individuals. Research psychology may involve studying mental health disorders, but it is not primarily focused on clinical practice. Applied psychology also has a broader focus, including areas like industrial-organizational psychology and educational psychology. Medical psychology is not a recognized subfield of psychology, so it is not a valid answer.

Question 4

Research findings from the 1950s and 1960s highlighted the

Accepted Answer

Research findings from the 1950s and 1960s highlighted the interrelations between the mind, body, and behavior. This includes the recognition of the psychosomatic connection, the role of emotions in physical health, and the impact of behavior on both the mind and body. This holistic approach to health and wellness recognizes the interconnectedness of different aspects of the individual.

Question 5

The results from a recent study suggest that the cognitive perspective surpassed the behavioral perspective in influence sometime around

Accepted Answer

The cognitive revolution is generally believed to have taken place in the 1960s and 1970s, leading to an increased emphasis on cognitive processes and mental structures in psychology. Therefore, the cognitive perspective likely surpassed the behavioral perspective in influence around 1970.

Question 6

The term that refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge is

Accepted Answer

Cognition refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge, such as perception, attention, memory, and reasoning. Pedagogy refers to the art and science of teaching. Empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence in acquiring knowledge. Introspection refers to the process of examining one's own thoughts and feelings.

Question 7

Annabel wants to investigate differences in the way language is processed by the brain hemispheres in individuals from different cultures. If Annabel could work with a psychologist who has made a significant contribution in this area of research, she would MOST likely choose to work with

Accepted Answer

Roger Sperry is a neuroscientist who made significant contributions to the understanding of language processing in the brain hemispheres through split-brain research. He found that the left hemisphere is more dominant in language processing for most people, regardless of their culture. Therefore, he would be the ideal psychologist for Annabel's investigation. Carl Rogers is known for his contributions to humanistic psychology, John B. Watson is known for his contributions to behaviorism, and Alfred Adler is known for his contributions to individual psychology, but none of these psychologists have a significant connection to research on language processing in the brain hemispheres.

Question 8

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be included under the umbrella of applied psychology?

Accepted Answer

Experimental psychology focuses on conducting research and exploring theories, while applied psychology is concerned with using scientific principles to solve real-world problems. Therefore, experimental psychology is least likely to be included under the umbrella of applied psychology.

Question 9

Darnell is working on a computer system that will have full language recognition capabilities. The type of psychologist that could probably give Darnell the MOST help in developing this computer system would be

Accepted Answer

A cognitive psychologist would be best suited to help Darnell develop a language recognition computer system as they focus on understanding how the mind processes information, including language. They can provide insight into how people interpret language and how to program the computer to recognize and process language in a way that is similar to human cognition.

Question 10

The major organization that represents BOTH the scientific and professional branches of psychology in the United States is the

Accepted Answer

The American Psychological Association (APA) is the major organization that represents BOTH the scientific and professional branches of psychology in the United States. The American Medical Society and American Psychiatric Society specifically represent medical professionals in those fields, while the American Psychological Society represents only the scientific side of psychology.

Question 11

Which of the following is a recent movement in psychology that has revived the old interest in mental and conscious events?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology is a recent movement in psychology that focuses on mental processes and conscious events, such as perception, attention, and memory. It has revived the old interest in studying the mind that was previously abandoned in behaviorism. Physiological psychology focuses on the neural and biological processes that underlie behavior, psychoanalysis focuses on the unconscious processes that influence behavior, and behavioral psychology focuses on the observable behavior itself.

Question 12

The major event that influenced the development of psychology as a profession was

Accepted Answer

World War II had a significant impact on the development of psychology as a profession. During the war, psychologists were involved in the selection and training of military personnel, as well as the development and evaluation of psychological tests for soldiers. This led to increased recognition of psychology as a valuable profession, and many returning veterans sought out psychological services to help them readjust to civilian life. As a result, the demand for trained psychologists grew, and the profession expanded rapidly in the post-war years.

Question 13

The research psychologists who are MOST likely to conduct research studies using animals are those who have

Accepted Answer

Psychologists with a behavioral or biological perspective are most likely to conduct research studies using animals, as these perspectives focus on the study of behavior and the underlying physiological processes. Animal studies are often used to investigate the biological mechanisms underlying behavior or to test the effectiveness of behavioral interventions. Psychoanalytic and cognitive perspectives do not typically involve animal research, as their focus is on understanding mental processes and human experience.

Question 14

Which of the following is MOST likely to be studied by a cognitive psychologist?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychologists study mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, problem-solving, and decision-making. Choice A involves problem-solving, which falls within the domain of cognitive psychology. Choices B, C, and D are not directly related to mental processes and are more likely to be studied by developmental psychologists, organizational psychologists, and social psychologists, respectively.

Question 15

Applied psychology is the branch of psychology concerned with

Accepted Answer

Applied psychology deals with practical problems and the real-world application of psychological theories and research. It involves using psychological principles to solve everyday problems and improve the quality of life of individuals, groups, and society as a whole. Examples of areas covered by applied psychology include clinical psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, health psychology, and educational psychology.

Question 16

Which pair of terms both reflect the observation that "psychology returned to its roots" in the latter part of the 20th century?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive perspective focuses on how people perceive, process, and retrieve information, which is similar to the early focus on the mind and mental processes. The biological perspective focuses on the physiological and genetic factors that contribute to behavior and experience, which is similar to the early focus on physiology and neuroscience. Therefore, both the cognitive and biological perspectives reflect a return to the roots of psychology in the latter part of the 20th century.

Question 17

A recently published case study described an individual who showed obsessive behavior. Recordings of brain activity indicated this same individual also experienced a number of mild epileptic seizures each day. When the epileptic seizures were brought under control using medication, the obsessive behavior also disappeared. The type of psychologist who would be MOST interested in this case study would be one who had

Accepted Answer

The case study describes the relationship between brain activity and behavior, specifically how controlling epileptic seizures through medication can eliminate obsessive behavior. This suggests a biological link between the two and would be of interest to a psychologist with a biological perspective, who is focused on understanding the relationship between brain structure, processes, and behavior.

Question 18

The approach that contends psychology must study internal mental events in order to fully understand behavior is

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology focuses on the study of internal mental events such as perception, memory, attention, and problem-solving in order to understand behavior.

Question 19

Which of the following would be LEAST likely to be studied by a cognitive psychologist?

Accepted Answer

Shaping behavior by reinforcement is primarily studied by behaviorists, not cognitive psychologists. Cognitive psychologists are more likely to study internal mental processes such as memory, reasoning, and language.

Question 20

Programmers who were working on a chess-playing super computer asked a psychologist from their university for some help in working out the problem-solving algorithms they would be using. The psychologist who helped with this project was MOST likely

Accepted Answer

A cognitive psychologist would be the best choice as they specialize in studying mental processes such as problem-solving, decision making and reasoning, which would be relevant to developing algorithms for a chess-playing computer.

Quiz 1: The Evolution of Psychology Part 1