Question 1

In review studies making use of the meta-analysis technique,as a measure of treatment effectiveness,it is common for researchers to calculate the __________________ statistic.

Accepted Answer

In review studies making use of the meta-analysis technique, researchers commonly calculate the effect size statistic as a measure of treatment effectiveness. The effect size provides information about the magnitude or strength of the treatment effect and allows for comparisons between different studies.

Question 2

No matter what the therapeutic technique is,characteristics that tend to contribute to the success of a therapy are:

Accepted Answer

Common factors such as the therapeutic alliance, empathy, and client motivation have consistently been found to contribute to the success of therapy, regardless of the specific therapeutic technique used. Therefore, D is the best choice. While the skill and experience of the therapist is also important, it is not the only factor that contributes to therapy success. Extroversion and stability may be helpful traits for a therapist, but there is not enough evidence to support their necessity. Positive attributes such as hopefulness and optimism may be beneficial, but they are not as consistently important as the common factors.

Question 3

Modern meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of various types of therapies have concluded that:

Accepted Answer

Modern meta-analysis has found that most therapies are equally effective, although there are some exceptions. This suggests that the choice of therapy may ultimately depend on personal preference and other factors, such as the individual's specific needs and goals.

Question 4

The fact that certain forms of psychotherapy are better suited than others for treating specific types of psychological disorders is most relevant to which of the following important client characteristics?

Accepted Answer

The nature of the psychological problem is the most relevant client characteristic when it comes to identifying which form of psychotherapy would be the most effective for treating that particular disorder. Each therapy approach has its specific benefits and limitations, and some may be more effective in treating certain disorders than others. Therefore, understanding the nature of the psychological problem is crucial in selecting the appropriate therapy for a given client.

Question 5

With regard to the conditions that contribute to the effectiveness of psychotherapy,faith in the therapist and the opportunity to practise new behaviours are both examples of what are called:

Accepted Answer

Common factors refer to the non-specific factors that contribute to the effectiveness of psychotherapy, such as the therapeutic alliance, hope, and expectations for change. Faith in the therapist and the opportunity to practice new behaviors are examples of common factors that can enhance the effectiveness of psychotherapy. Placebo effects refer to improvements that occur as a result of the client's belief in the treatment rather than the treatment itself. Positive transferences refer to the client's projections of positive feelings onto the therapist, which can also contribute to the therapeutic alliance. Spontaneous remissions refer to improvements that occur without any intentional treatment or intervention.

Question 6

A psychologist specializes in a research area where there is an ongoing debate about the effectiveness of a particular treatment.In order to gain more information,this psychologist reviews approximately 50 studies that have utilized this particular treatment,and using this information,the psychologist finds that the vast majority of the studies found the treatment to be effective.This psychologist has just completed a(n):

Accepted Answer

The psychologist has conducted a meta-analysis, which involves the review and statistical analysis of multiple studies on a particular topic in order to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of the treatment.

Question 7

Based on the fact that this type of therapy is easy to capture in a manual format,research on empirically validated treatments has largely been conducted on therapies associated with the _____________ approach.

Accepted Answer

Empirically validated treatments are those that have been shown to be effective through scientific research. Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is a type of therapy that is easy to capture in a manual format, with specific structured methods and techniques that can be easily replicated. Therefore, much of the research on empirically validated treatments has been conducted on CBT and its variations.

Question 8

The fact that vastly different types of therapies often produce similar outcomes has led some researchers to search for similar elements shared by each of the approaches that may account for their common successes.These elements are called:

Accepted Answer

These elements are commonly referred to as common factors, which are shared across various therapies and contribute to positive outcomes. Common factors include aspects such as the therapeutic relationship, client motivation, and expectancy effects.

Question 9

All of the following were presented as examples of common factors that might explain the similar effectiveness of various forms of therapy EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The other three choices (B, C, and D) were presented as examples of common factors that could explain the similar effectiveness of various forms of therapy in the text.

Question 10

A 1977 meta-analysis by Smith and Glass concluded that the average person receiving psychotherapy showed more positive outcomes than 75 percent of non-treated individuals.Modern meta-analyses of the effectiveness of therapy have generated percentages that are _____________.

Accepted Answer

Modern meta-analyses have generally found results that are roughly equivalent to those found by Smith and Glass in 1977, indicating that the average person receiving psychotherapy shows more positive outcomes than a significant majority of those not receiving treatment.

Question 11

Meta-analysis is used to:

Accepted Answer

Meta-analysis is a statistical technique used to combine the results from different studies examining the same topic. Its purpose is to provide a quantitative summary of the findings across multiple studies and to identify any patterns, inconsistencies, or gaps in the existing research. Therefore, the best choice is D, as it correctly describes the main purpose of meta-analysis.

Question 12

Researchers that simultaneously examine many different research studies and draw conclusions about the overall effectiveness of a particular treatment are using the technique called _____________.

Accepted Answer

Meta-analysis is the technique of combining and analyzing data from multiple studies to draw overarching conclusions. Correlational analysis is used to determine the relationship between two variables, factor analysis is used to identify underlying factors or dimensions within a set of variables, and common factors refer to the shared elements among different treatments or interventions.

Question 13

Dr.James is considering a new therapeutic technique,but is unsure as to its effectiveness.She decides to conduct an extensive review of studies conducted in the last 20 years that have examined this particular therapy tool.After much work and a few calculations,she determines that the average person who received this treatment had a more favourable outcome than 85 percent of people who did not receive the treatment.Dr.James is conducting a meta-analysis study,and the percentage that she calculated is known as the ________________ statistic.

Accepted Answer

The percentage that Dr. James calculated is known as the effect size statistic, which is a measure of the magnitude of the treatment effect in a meta-analysis.

Question 14

Meta-analysis of brief psychodynamic therapy outcome studies indicated that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Meta-analysis of brief psychodynamic therapy outcome studies...

Question 15

Dr.Sholl has recently started therapy with a new client,Roger.Roger appears to be a great therapy client because he is able to reflect and talk about the thoughts and feelings that are related to his difficulties.In addition,he is able to attend to and discuss issues related to his relationship with Dr.Sholl and has shown that he can take what he learns in therapy and generalize it to his life.Roger best demonstrates which of the following important psychotherapy client characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Roger demonstrates self-relatedness as he can reflect on his thoughts and feelings, discuss his relationship with the therapist, and apply what he learns in therapy to his life.

Question 16

Besides openness and self-relatedness,the third important characteristic of the client that is associated with psychotherapy outcomes is:

Accepted Answer

While empathy, insight, and transference can all be important factors in therapy, research suggests that the nature of the problem being addressed is a key characteristic of the client that impacts therapy outcomes. Different types of problems may require different approaches and interventions, and some problems may be more resistant to change than others.

Question 17

Openness concerns a willingness to invest in therapy and to take the risks required to make changes.This is considered to be an important ___________ variable associated with treatment outcomes.

Accepted Answer

Openness is a client variable that is associated with treatment outcomes, as it refers to the willingness of the individual to invest in therapy and take risks to make changes. Self-relatedness and empathy are not directly related to this concept, and while therapists can certainly facilitate openness, it is primarily a client-driven behavior.

Question 18

A determinant of how long the effects of a particular therapy last is best gauged by the use of:

Accepted Answer

Follow-up data is the best measure to gauge the long-term effects of a therapy as it allows for observation of the outcome over a longer period of time. Control groups, placebo control groups, and randomized clinical trials are useful in determining the effectiveness of a therapy, but they do not necessarily measure the duration of the therapy's effects.

Question 19

Which of the following was considered to be the most important factor impacting the outcome of psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

The therapeutic relationship is considered to be the most important factor impacting the outcome of psychotherapy, according to research. While client factors, common factors, and therapy variables can all have an impact, the strength and quality of the relationship between therapist and client has consistently been found to be the most significant factor in predicting positive outcomes.

Question 20

In terms of the factors affecting the outcome of therapy,client self-relatedness refers to:

Accepted Answer

Client self-relatedness refers to the client's ability to experience and understand internal states, such as emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. This is important in therapy because the client must be able to reflect on their own experiences and communicate them to the therapist in order to make progress. Clients who have a greater level of self-relatedness tend to have better outcomes in therapy.

Quiz 17: Treatment of Psychological Disorders