Question 1

Anorexia nervosa is typically characterized by

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is primarily characterized by a fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, leading to extreme calorie restriction and weight loss. Individuals with anorexia nervosa may perceive themselves as overweight even when they are severely underweight. The other choices are not characteristic of anorexia nervosa.

Question 2

Chastity was initially excited to make the cheerleading squad.However,her parents noticed that she stopped eating dinner with them,wanted to help make most meals,and had a list of good and bad foods.She began portioning and weighing the food she ate,and sometimes would claim to have already eaten.Most concerning was the significant weight drop from a healthy 115 pounds to 90 pounds.This case most clearly illustrates symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Chastity's behavior shows clear signs of anorexia nervosa, including restrictive eating habits, obsessive thoughts about food and weight, and significant weight loss. Bulimia nervosa involves binge-eating followed by purging behaviors, while dissociative identity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder do not have the same symptoms as Chastity's case.

Question 3

If identical twins share a single placenta rather than having separate placentas,their chances of being similarly affected by ________ are dramatically increased.

Accepted Answer

If identical twins share a single placenta, they are at an increased risk of developing schizophrenia, as it may be caused by exposure to uneven distribution of nutrients or other substances in the placenta. The other disorders listed do not have a known correlation with sharing a placenta.

Question 4

A sense of being separated from your body and watching yourself with a sense of detachment is a symptom of

Accepted Answer

A sense of being separated from your body and watching yourself with a sense of detachment is a symptom of dissociation, which is a disconnection between a person's thoughts, feelings, actions, and/or sense of identity. While binge-eating disorder and bipolar disorder do involve changes in mood and behavior, they do not typically involve a sense of detachment from one's own body. Panic disorder may involve feelings of detachment, but this is not necessarily a defining symptom of the disorder.

Question 5

Severely restricted eating and an intense fear of weight gain is to ________ as binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Severely restricted eating and an intense fear of weight gain are both hallmark symptoms of anorexia nervosa, while binge eating followed by self-induced vomiting are hallmark symptoms of bulimia nervosa.

Question 6

Lana is about the right weight for her age and height.Nevertheless,whenever she goes on an eating binge,she purges the excessive food by self-induced vomiting.It is likely that Lana suffers from

Accepted Answer

Lana's behavior of purging after binge eating is a key symptom of bulimia nervosa, a type of eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by behaviors meant to compensate for the overeating, such as self-induced vomiting. Anorexia nervosa, on the other hand, is characterized by restricted food intake and an intense fear of gaining weight. Lana's behavior does not fit the criteria for a personality disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 7

Those most vulnerable to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are those who ________ value thinness and have the ________ body dissatisfaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Those most vulnerable to anorexia nervosa and...

Question 8

Disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity are most characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity are hallmarks of dissociative disorders, specifically dissociative identity disorder (formerly known as multiple personality disorder). Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by intrusive, repetitive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by binge-eating followed by purging behaviors. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for others' rights and lack of empathy.

Question 9

When Marcus becomes anxious,he eats a tremendous amount of food over an extended period.Afterward,Marcus feels guilty about his binge eating but does not purge or exercise excessively.Marcus is demonstrating the symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Marcus is demonstrating the symptoms of binge-eating disorder, as he regularly consumes large amounts of food during times of anxiety and experiences guilt afterward. However, he does not engage in compensatory behaviors like purging or excessive exercise, which are characteristic of bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa involves a severe restriction of food intake and often involves distorted body image and intense fear of gaining weight. Dissociative identity disorder, also known as multiple personality disorder, involves a disruption of identity characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states.

Question 10

About eight months ago,13-year-old Shelley went on a drastic weight-loss diet that caused her to drop from 110 pounds to 80 pounds.Although she is now dangerously underweight and undernourished,she continues to think she looks fat.Her frustrated father recently forced her to eat a peanut butter sandwich,but Shelley immediately went to the bathroom and threw it all up.Shelley most clearly suffers from

Accepted Answer

Shelley displays many common symptoms of anorexia nervosa, including a drastic weight loss, a distorted perception of her body image, and purging behavior (throwing up the peanut butter sandwich). Anorexia nervosa is a serious eating disorder characterized by a fear of gaining weight, an obsession with weight and body shape, and extreme measures taken to control weight, such as restricted eating, purging, and excessive exercise.

Question 11

Unlike those with bulimia nervosa,those with binge-eating disorder are NOT likely to ________ following binge eating.

Accepted Answer

Those with binge-eating disorder do not engage in compensatory behaviors, such as purging or fasting, following binge eating episodes. This is what distinguishes binge-eating disorder from bulimia nervosa. While individuals with both disorders may experience remorse and gain weight, only those with bulimia nervosa engage in purging or fasting. Indigestion is a possible consequence of binge eating, but it is not a defining characteristic of either disorder.

Question 12

Worry about how they are perceived by others and fear of falling short of expectations is most likely to be characteristic of people with

Accepted Answer

Worrying about how they are perceived by others and fear of falling short of expectations is a common characteristic of individuals with eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. They may excessively fear gaining weight or losing control over their eating habits and may go to extreme lengths to meet societal expectations of thinness or beauty.

Question 13

During prenatal development,nutritional deprivation may influence the expression of certain genes that are known to increase the risk of specific physical and psychological disorders.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

The scenario outlined in the question describes the impact of epigenetic factors. Epigenetic factors refer to environmental influences that can alter the expression of genes without changing the underlying DNA sequence. Nutritional deprivation during prenatal development is one such factor that can cause epigenetic changes, leading to an increased risk of certain physical and psychological disorders.

Question 14

William,an airplane pilot,is unable to remember anything of a bombing raid in which his plane was severely damaged and two crew members were killed.Because he himself suffered no physical injuries,psychologists suspect that William probably suffers from

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described suggest a dissociative disorder, in which an individual experiences a disruption of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. In this case, William's inability to remember the bombing raid suggests a dissociation from the traumatic event. Panic disorder, anorexia nervosa, and bipolar disorder would not be appropriate diagnoses based on the given information.

Question 15

Twenty-two-year-old Tawana is slightly overweight and loves to eat,particularly snack foods and rich desserts.Fearful of gaining more weight,she frequently takes laxatives and vomits following episodes of binge eating.Tawana most clearly suffers from

Accepted Answer

Tawana's behavior of binge eating followed by purging through laxatives or vomiting is a characteristic symptom of bulimia nervosa, an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors. Anorexia nervosa is also an eating disorder, but it involves restrictive eating, while bipolar disorder and social anxiety disorder are unrelated to Tawana's symptoms.

Question 16

People with anorexia nervosa often come from families that

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that people with anorexia nervosa often come from families that are high achieving and competitive, which may contribute to a pressure to excel and maintain control.

Question 17

An adopted child's chances of developing schizophrenia ________ if the biological parents have schizophrenia.The child's chances ________ if the adopted parents have schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An adopted child's chances of developing schizophrenia...

Question 18

Frequent exposure to images of thin fashion models and celebrities is most likely to contribute to the development of

Accepted Answer

Frequent exposure to images of thin fashion models and celebrities is most likely to contribute to the development of bulimia nervosa, an eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging. People with bulimia nervosa often have an distorted perception of body weight and shape and may feel pressure to conform to societal ideals of thinness.

Question 19

Research indicates that having a gene that reduces available ________ adds 30 percent to a person's risk of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that individuals with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa have a dysregulation in the serotonin system. Having a gene that reduces the availability of serotonin further increases the risk of developing these disorders. Dopamine, acetylcholine, and endorphins do not have significant evidence indicating their role in the development of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.

Question 20

Food binges that alternate with vomiting are most characteristic of

Accepted Answer

Bulimia nervosa is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by restriction of food intake, while bipolar disorder and binge-eating disorder do not typically involve binging and purging behaviors.

Quiz 13: Psychological Disorders