Question 1

Young adolescents are especially likely to begin smoking if they

Accepted Answer

Peer influence is strongest during adolescence and having friends or family members who smoke increases the likelihood of an adolescent starting smoking. Being slow to mature or suffering from high blood pressure are not identified as significant factors in adolescent smoking initiation. Being optimistic about their future may have a positive impact on their health behaviors, but it is not a specific factor in smoking initiation.

Question 2

Brad's misuse of alcohol and other addictive drugs is influenced by genetic factors,by the ready availability of drugs in Brad's neighborhood,and by Brad's failure to accurately assess the risks associated with drug use.An understanding of Brad's difficulties within the framework of multiple levels of analysis is most clearly provided by

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial approach is a framework that considers multiple levels of analysis, including biological, psychological, and social factors, in understanding a person's behavior and health outcomes. In this case, Brad's genetic factors and the availability of drugs in his neighborhood are biological and social factors, respectively, while his failure to accurately assess the risks of drug use is a psychological factor. Therefore, the biopsychosocial approach is the most appropriate framework for understanding Brad's difficulties. The other options, such as psychoanalytic theory, the medical model, and the cognitive perspective, do not explicitly consider all three levels of analysis.

Question 3

According to the DSM-5,one of the five major symptoms of major depressive disorder is

Accepted Answer

According to the DSM-5, one of the five major symptoms of major depressive disorder is problems thinking, concentrating, and making decisions. Other symptoms include feelings of sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, changes in appetite, changes in sleep patterns, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and thoughts of death or suicide. Frequent or unexpected panic attacks, high levels of bodily arousal, and periodic temper outbursts are not symptoms of major depressive disorder.

Question 4

Ryan is a 15-year-old high school freshman whose increasing use of drugs is endangering his own health and interfering with his performance in school.A factor that is most likely contributing to his drug use is that he

Accepted Answer

Ryan's lack of direction and purpose in his life may be contributing to his drug use as he may be using drugs as a way to cope with his feelings of uncertainty and confusion. This is a common reason for drug use among teenagers. Option A is not likely as Ryan's drug use suggests he wants to fit in with the peer group who use drugs. Option B is also not likely as Ryan's drug use indicates that he may have an accurate understanding of the extent to which his peers use drugs. Option C is not likely as Ryan's drug use suggests he may not fully understand the physical and psychological costs of using drugs.

Question 5

People with ________ experience a mildly depressed mood more often than not for at least two years.

Accepted Answer

Persistent depressive disorder, formerly known as dysthymia, is a mood disorder characterized by a low mood and other depressive symptoms that persist for at least two years. People with this disorder experience a mildly depressed mood more often than not, and may also have periods of major depression.

Question 6

Major depressive disorder is said to occur when signs of depression last at least

Accepted Answer

According to DSM-5 criteria, a diagnosis of major depressive disorder requires the presence of depressive symptoms that last for at least two weeks.

Question 7

Professor Davis suggests that genetic predispositions to normal bouts of depression contribute to survival and reproductive success by reducing the intensity of hostile urges and discouraging highly risky behaviors.The professor's suggestion best illustrates the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The professor's suggestion that genetic predispositions to depression contribute to survival and reproductive success through reducing hostile urges and risky behavior suggests an evolutionary perspective, which focuses on how behaviors and traits have developed and persisted in the human species over time through natural selection.

Question 8

Jamal has worked as a financial accountant for the last 10 years but has never enjoyed it.While he performs his work satisfactorily,his self-esteem is low and he feels trapped by his work responsibilities.Overall,Jamal does not enjoy life and has been this way for years.Jamal's symptoms most clearly indicate

Accepted Answer

Jamal's feelings of low self-esteem, feeling trapped, and lack of enjoyment in life are consistent with symptoms of persistent depressive disorder (formerly known as dysthymia). None of the other disorders listed match Jamal's symptoms.

Question 9

Mania is most likely to be experienced by those suffering

Accepted Answer

Mania is a symptom of bipolar disorder, and is characterized by periods of elevated or irritable mood, increased energy and activity levels, impulsivity, decreased need for sleep, and sometimes grandiosity or delusions. Major depressive disorder is characterized by periods of low mood and lack of interest or pleasure in activities, while learned helplessness is a theory about how individuals learn to feel helpless or powerless when faced with difficult situations. Rumination is a thinking pattern that involves dwelling on negative thoughts or experiences, and can be a symptom of both depression and anxiety disorders, but it is not specifically associated with mania.

Question 10

Every October,as the leaves begin to fall,Jasmine suddenly begins to feel hopeless,sad,and lethargic.These feelings last until March,when flowers start to bloom and trees take on the glorious green of spring.Jasmine is most likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

Jasmine's symptoms of feeling sad, hopeless, and lethargic during the fall and winter months, and improving during the spring are indicative of a seasonal pattern of depression, also known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD). This disorder is generally associated with changes in the amount of daylight and can be effectively treated with light therapy, medication, and talk therapy. Dissociative disorder and personality disorder are not indicated by the symptoms mentioned, while bipolar disorder includes symptoms such as manic episodes and is not a likely diagnosis based on the given information.

Question 11

Which of the following drugs is most likely to disrupt the formation of new memories?

Accepted Answer

The drug that is most likely to disrupt the formation of new memories is marijuana. Studies have shown that marijuana use can impair working memory, attention, and long-term memory. THC, the main psychoactive component of marijuana, binds to receptors in the hippocampus, a brain region important for memory, and can interfere with the consolidation of new memories. Nicotine, serotonin, and caffeine do not typically have significant negative effects on memory formation.

Question 12

African-American teens have ________ rates of smoking and ________ rates of cocaine use than other U.S.teens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of African-American teens have ________ rates of smoking...

Question 13

The percentage of U.S.high school seniors who reported having used marijuana during the past 30 days ________ from the late 1970s to 1992 and ________ from 1992 to 2013.

Accepted Answer

The percentage of U.S. high school seniors who reported using marijuana decreased from the late 1970s to 1992 and then increased from 1992 to 2013.

Question 14

Feelings of worthlessness are most likely to be associated with

Accepted Answer

Feelings of worthlessness are a common symptom of major depressive disorder. Mania is associated with elevated and expansive mood, not feelings of worthlessness. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a disregard for others' rights and feelings, not necessarily feelings of worthlessness. Phobias are characterized by intense fear and avoidance of specific objects or situations, not necessarily feelings of worthlessness.

Question 15

Studies of marijuana's effects indicate that

Accepted Answer

Regular users of marijuana may develop a tolerance, allowing them to achieve a high with smaller amounts of the drug compared to new users.

Question 16

Norby,an 18-year-old first-year university student,has missed almost all his classes during the past month.He spends most of his time in his bedroom,frequently not even bothering to get dressed or eat meals.He thinks his whole life has been a failure and blames himself for being a social misfit.Norby is most likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

Norby's symptoms, such as social isolation, feelings of failure, and lack of motivation, are indicative of major depressive disorder.

Question 17

Over the last three months,Regina's feelings of despair have intensified for no apparent reason.Although her friends have tried to be encouraging and supportive,Regina says that she feels worthless and completely detached from people,and she has even thought about killing herself.Regina's symptoms would suggest that she is probably suffering from

Accepted Answer

Regina's symptoms of feeling worthless, detached from people, and having suicidal thoughts are consistent with major depressive disorder.

Question 18

When experiencing mild sadness,people process and recall faces ________ accurately,and they pay ________ attention to details.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When experiencing mild sadness,people process and recall...

Question 19

The DSM-5 identifies sleeping too much and a significant loss of appetite as symptoms associated with

Accepted Answer

Both sleeping too much (hypersomnia) and a significant loss of appetite (weight loss or decrease in appetite) are two of the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder according to the DSM-5. Dissociative identity disorder and antisocial personality disorder are not typically associated with these symptoms, and while some individuals with PTSD may experience sleep disturbances, hypersomnia is not a common symptom.

Question 20

Having an identical rather than fraternal twin with alcohol use disorder puts one at an increased risk for alcohol problems.This indicates that alcohol use disorder

Accepted Answer

The fact that having an identical twin with alcohol use disorder increases one's risk for alcohol problems suggests that there is a genetic influence on the development of alcohol use disorder. The other options (A, B, and D) are unrelated to this finding.

Quiz 13: Psychological Disorders