Question 1

While Eddie was working alone in the microcomputer lab,he noticed a strange,unpleasant smell and immediately went to report the incident.Eddie's behavior

Accepted Answer

Eddie's behavior of immediately reporting the incident shows that he was not influenced by the bystander effect, which is the tendency for people to not intervene in an emergency situation when others are present. Instead, he took personal responsibility and acted independently.

Question 2

Haley thinks Keith's silence indicates that he's angry,so she avoids talking to him.Unfortunately,Keith thinks Haley's quietness signifies that she's angry and wants to be left alone.This situation best illustrates

Accepted Answer

This situation best illustrates mirror-image perceptions, where both Haley and Keith are perceiving each other's silence as a sign of anger towards themselves. They are interpreting each other's behavior through their own mirror image perceptions.

Question 3

Maria heard the Juan was angry at her,but he was not.She came into the house with an angry facial expression and spoke very little.Juan,who took her behavior to mean that she was in a bad mood,spoke sarcastically to her,which led to an argument.This misunderstanding was facilitated by each person forming

Accepted Answer

Maria formed a self-fulfilling prophecy by assuming Juan was angry at her and behaving in a way that confirmed her assumption. Juan also formed a self-fulfilling prophecy by interpreting Maria's behavior as being in a bad mood and responding with sarcasm, which then led to an argument.

Question 4

To a social psychologist,a perceived incompatibility of goals indicates

Accepted Answer

Perceived incompatibility of goals is a key indicator of conflict. When two or more parties perceive their goals as mutually exclusive or incompatible, interpersonal conflict arises. Therefore, the correct option is C) conflict. The superordinate goals refer to the shared goals that require the cooperation of conflicting groups, while the mirror-image perception refers to the tendency of each group in a conflict to view itself as ethical and peaceful and the other as evil and aggressive. The social-responsibility norm refers to the societal expectation that individuals should help those in need and promote the welfare of others.

Question 5

Gallup surveys indicate that Americans who frequently attend religious services are more likely than those who do not attend religious services to

Accepted Answer

Gallup surveys indicate that Americans who frequently attend religious services are more likely to report that they have volunteered time to an organization. This suggests that religious attendance may be associated with a greater sense of social responsibility and community involvement.

Question 6

A belief that confirms itself by influencing us to react in a way that seems to justify the belief is called

Accepted Answer

A self-fulfilling prophecy is a belief that leads to actions that reinforce or confirm the belief. For example, if you believe that a certain person is unfriendly, you may act in a way that is standoffish, which may cause the person to respond in an unfriendly manner. This reinforces your initial belief, which becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 7

Stephanie believes her teacher does not like her,so she behaves in a surly manner in class.Her teacher responds by scolding her,justifying her perceptions.This process is called

Accepted Answer

Stephanie's belief that her teacher does not like her is a negative self-fulfilling prophecy which leads her to behave in a surly manner in class. Her behavior justifies the teacher's negative perception and scolding, thereby reinforcing Stephanie's initial belief.

Question 8

The expectation that people should return help,not harm,to those who have helped them is called the

Accepted Answer

The expectation that people should return help, not harm, to those who have helped them is known as the reciprocity norm. The equity norm is the expectation that people should receive benefits that are proportional to their contributions, while the social-responsibility norm is the expectation that people should help those in need, even if it requires sacrificing their own interests. The bystander effect refers to the tendency of individuals to not offer help in an emergency situation when other people are present.

Question 9

In which of the following scenarios is the person most likely to be helped by other people?

Accepted Answer

In scenario C, Carla is in a situation where her problem directly impacts others (blocking the exit drive), making it more likely for her fellow employees to help in order to alleviate the immediate inconvenience to themselves.

Question 10

According to _____,altruistic behavior is guided by calculations of costs and benefits.

Accepted Answer

Social exchange theory posits that altruistic behavior is motivated by a calculation of costs and benefits. This theory suggests that people are more likely to engage in helping behaviors when the rewards outweigh the costs.

Question 11

To help people avoid conflicts,psychologists should promote an increased awareness of

Accepted Answer

The answer of To help people avoid conflicts,psychologists should promote...

Question 12

Two classmates ask you to spend a couple of hours helping them prepare for a chemistry test.According to social exchange theory,you would be most likely to help them if

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two classmates ask you to spend a...

Question 13

Which of the following people would be most likely to help Gita study for her history exam?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following people would be...

Question 14

An expectation that people will help those who depend on them is known as

Accepted Answer

The social-responsibility norm is the expectation that people will help those who depend on them. This can be seen in situations where individuals or groups with resources are expected to help those who are vulnerable or in need. It is a cultural expectation that reflects a sense of responsibility for the well-being of others.

Question 15

The social-responsibility norm refers to the expectation that people should

Accepted Answer

The social-responsibility norm is the belief that individuals have a responsibility to help others who are in need of assistance, regardless of whether or not they deserve it or have helped us in the past. This norm is based on the idea of helping those who depend on us, especially when they are unable to help themselves.

Question 16

After she received a free hand-painted Christmas ornament from a religious organization,Mrs.Montevecchi felt obligated to mail a cash donation to the organization.Her response to the free gift best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

The reciprocity norm refers to the social expectation that if someone does something nice for us, we feel obliged to do something nice for them in return. Mrs. Montevecchi's response to the free gift by mailing a cash donation to the religious organization illustrates the impact of the reciprocity norm.

Question 17

Malik wants to put up a fence between his yard and his neighbor's.But,the two disagree about the boundary separating their two yards.This disagreement illustrates

Accepted Answer

The fact that Malik and his neighbor disagree about the boundary indicates a conflict between the two, as they have incompatible goals or interests.

Question 18

Two conflicting groups who share the same negative views of one another demonstrate

Accepted Answer

Conflicting groups who share the same negative views of one another demonstrate mirror-image perceptions, which refer to the tendency of each side in a conflict to see itself as moral and peaceful and portray the other side as evil and aggressive. This contributes to a cycle of hostility and reinforces the negative views each group has of the other.

Question 19

Researchers in one experiment gave people cash and instructions either to spend it on themselves or to spend it on others.Those assigned to spend it on others subsequently experienced the greatest

Accepted Answer

The experiment showed that those who were instructed to spend money on others experienced the greatest happiness, indicating that acts of kindness towards others can lead to greater well-being and satisfaction.

Question 20

According to social exchange theory,altruistic behavior is guided by

Accepted Answer

Social exchange theory maintains that individuals engage in altruistic behavior when the benefits of helping outweigh the costs. It suggests that people make rational cost-benefit analyses in determining whether or not to engage in helping behavior. Therefore, calculations of costs and benefits guide altruistic behavior.

Quiz 11: Social Psychology