Question 1

Evidence that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated offers support for

Accepted Answer

The scapegoat theory suggests that people who are experiencing frustration or hardship may look for a scapegoat to blame for their problems. This can lead to increased prejudice and discrimination towards a particular group, as they become a target for the frustrations of others. Therefore, evidence that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated supports this theory.

Question 2

Groupthink is fueled by a desire for

Accepted Answer

Groupthink is a phenomenon where the desire for harmony and concurrence within a group can override individual critical thinking and dissenting opinions. The group's desire to maintain a positive relationship and avoid conflict can lead to irrational decision-making and a lack of consideration for alternative solutions.

Question 3

According to the text,an attribution is

Accepted Answer

The text defines attribution as "a mental process people use to explain their behavior and the behavior of others." Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Options A, C, and D do not accurately reflect the definition of attribution as explained in the text.

Question 4

Although the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces,each sees the other country's actions as unreasonable and motivated by evil intentions.This situation best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The situation described in the question illustrates mirror-image perceptions, which refers to the reciprocal views of each other held by people in conflict. Each group sees the other as hostile, aggressive, and motivated by evil intentions, even when their own actions are similar. This perception can serve to perpetuate the conflict by reinforcing negative attitudes and beliefs. Social scripts, the mere exposure effect, and the reciprocity norm are not particularly relevant to this scenario.

Question 5

The most powerful predictor of whether friendship begins is

Accepted Answer

Proximity refers to how physically close people are to each other, and research consistently shows that this is the most powerful predictor of whether or not friendships form. This is likely because being physically close to others provides more opportunities for interaction and the development of shared experiences. Attitude, self-disclosure, and altruism are all important factors in the development and maintenance of friendships, but proximity is the most important initial factor.

Question 6

Construction worker Wesley Autrey risked his life to rescue a man who had stumbled and fallen onto the subway tracks.Autrey's action is an example of

Accepted Answer

Wesley Autrey's act of risking his life to save a stranger on the subway tracks is an example of altruism, as he acted purely out of concern for the well-being of another individual without any expectation of reward or benefit for himself.

Question 7

The text defines social psychology as the scientific study of how people ________ one another.

Accepted Answer

Social psychology focuses on studying how individuals think about, influence, and relate to others, which makes option B the best choice. While understanding and predicting are important aspects of social psychology, they are not the only ones, so options A and D can be eliminated. Observing and communicating with others are also relevant, but only as part of the broader study of social influence and interpersonal relationships, so option C can also be eliminated.

Question 8

Marcus wants to build a new fence separating his yard from Michael's.Michael does not want the fence and has hired a lawyer to stop the building of the fence.Marcus and Michael are experiencing

Accepted Answer

Marcus and Michael are experiencing a conflict because they have opposing goals or interests. Marcus wants to build a fence, while Michael wants to prevent the building of the fence. The fact that Michael has hired a lawyer suggests that he is taking active steps to prevent the realization of Marcus's goal, which is a clear indication of conflict. The mere exposure effect describes the phenomenon in which people tend to prefer things that are familiar to them, so it is not relevant to this situation. The reciprocity norm refers to the social norm that people should treat others as they would like to be treated themselves. This may or may not be relevant, depending on the behavior of Marcus and Michael. Mirror-image perceptions refer to the tendency for each side in a conflict to view the other side as being motivated by negative intentions or values. While this may be relevant, there is not enough information provided in the question to indicate that this is the case.

Question 9

Professor Hegg conducts research on cultural factors that contribute to the development of romantic love.Which specialty area does the professor's research best represent?

Accepted Answer

The professor's research focuses on cultural factors of romantic love, which falls under the domain of social psychology.

Question 10

People's physical attractiveness is a good predictor of their

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that people who are considered physically attractive tend to date more frequently than those who are not as physically attractive. However, physical attractiveness is not a reliable predictor of other traits such as academic competence, altruism, or happiness.

Question 11

________ is used to explain people's behavior by crediting either the situation or the individual's personal traits.

Accepted Answer

Attribution theory is used to explain people's behavior by crediting either the situation or the individual's personal traits. This theory suggests that people tend to attribute others' behavior to internal factors (such as their personality or character) or external factors (such as the situation or context in which the behavior occurs).

Question 12

Before Mark had even heard the details of Allison's car accident,he commented,"Allison is so absentminded,I'm sure it happened because she was talking on her cell phone and not paying attention." Mark's response illustrates

Accepted Answer

Mark's statement is an example of blaming the victim, which involves assuming that a negative event happened to someone because of their own actions or character flaws rather than external factors.

Question 13

Ten-year-old Emmitt is able to bully other children to do what he wants because he is larger than they are.This successful bullying increases his self-esteem,which in turn leads to more bullying during the school year.Emmitt's bullying has increased due to

Accepted Answer

Emmitt's bullying is being reinforced by the positive outcome of increased self-esteem. This leads to more bullying, which further reinforces the behavior.

Question 14

Ray voices his belief that those who are gay are living immorally,which is an example of a(n)________ prejudice.Chad disagrees with Ray's attitude toward gays,but does not realize that he makes no effort to meet or make friends with gays,which indicates a(n)_______ prejudice.

Accepted Answer

Ray's belief that being gay is immoral is an explicit prejudice, as he is openly expressing it. Chad's lack of effort to meet or make friends with gays shows an implicit prejudice, as it is a more subtle form of bias that is not overtly expressed but still influences his actions.

Question 15

Jared has always held anti-abortion views.However,after joining several chat rooms with people who share his views,he has become more extreme and uncompromising in his views.His more extreme views are the result of

Accepted Answer

Group polarization refers to the phenomenon where people in a group tend to adopt more extreme versions of their original views due to discussions with like-minded group members. In this case, joining chat rooms filled with people who shared his views likely led Jared to adopt more extreme and uncompromising views on abortion.

Question 16

Although Natalie receives somewhat greater rewards from her marriage than does her husband,both are satisfied with the relationship because they each benefit in proportion to what they put into it.This best illustrates the significance of

Accepted Answer

Equity theory proposes that individuals are satisfied in a relationship when they feel that their rewards are proportional to their contributions. In this scenario, both Natalie and her husband feel satisfied because they feel that they are benefiting in proportion to what they are putting into the relationship. This aligns with the principles of equity theory. Social exchange theory also proposes that individuals make decisions based on a cost-benefit analysis of their relationships, but the concept of equity is more directly relevant to the scenario described. Passionate love and the mere exposure effect are not relevant to this scenario.

Question 17

Michelle's 6-year-old son is behaving very poorly in a restaurant.Michelle tells her friend that he is behaving badly because he is tired.Michelle's friend thinks the behavior results from poor parenting.Both explanations are examples of

Accepted Answer

Both explanations (tiredness and poor parenting) are examples of attributions, which are explanations for the causes of behavior. The attribution in this case is a causal inference about why the child is misbehaving.

Question 18

The social group to which a person belongs is called the _____,and the social group to which a person does not belong is called the _____.

Accepted Answer

Ingroup is the social group that a person belongs to and identifies with, while outgroup is the social group that a person does not belong to. This distinction is important in social psychology as it can influence perceptions and behaviors towards members of the ingroup and outgroup. Choices B, C, and D are not accurate descriptions of these social group distinctions.

Question 19

After Mrs.Chanski and her children had helped themselves to free samples of the cookies being promoted in the grocery store,she felt obligated to buy some,even though they seemed unreasonably expensive.Her reaction best illustrates the significance of

Accepted Answer

The reciprocity norm is the idea that people are more likely to comply with a request or purchase something if they have first received something from the requester or seller. In this case, Mrs. Chanski and her children received free samples of the cookies, which made her feel obligated to buy some despite their high price.

Question 20

Caitlin concluded that her husband was late for dinner because he was caught in heavy traffic.Her conclusion best illustrates an attribution based on

Accepted Answer

Caitlin's conclusion that her husband was late for dinner because he was caught in heavy traffic is an attribution based on the situation. She recognized that it wasn't due to his personality or attitudes, but rather a circumstance beyond his control.

Quiz 11: Social Psychology

Evidence that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated offers support for

Groupthink is fueled by a desire for

According to the text,an attribution is

Although the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces,each sees the other country's actions as unreasonable and motivated by evil intentions.This situation best illustrates

The most powerful predictor of whether friendship begins is

Construction worker Wesley Autrey risked his life to rescue a man who had stumbled and fallen onto the subway tracks.Autrey's action is an example of

The text defines social psychology as the scientific study of how people ________ one another.

Marcus wants to build a new fence separating his yard from Michael's.Michael does not want the fence and has hired a lawyer to stop the building of the fence.Marcus and Michael are experiencing

Professor Hegg conducts research on cultural factors that contribute to the development of romantic love.Which specialty area does the professor's research best represent?

People's physical attractiveness is a good predictor of their

________ is used to explain people's behavior by crediting either the situation or the individual's personal traits.

Before Mark had even heard the details of Allison's car accident,he commented,"Allison is so absentminded,I'm sure it happened because she was talking on her cell phone and not paying attention." Mark's response illustrates

Ten-year-old Emmitt is able to bully other children to do what he wants because he is larger than they are.This successful bullying increases his self-esteem,which in turn leads to more bullying during the school year.Emmitt's bullying has increased due to

Ray voices his belief that those who are gay are living immorally,which is an example of a(n) __ prejudice.Chad disagrees with Ray's attitude toward gays,but does not realize that he makes no effort to meet or make friends with gays,which indicates a(n) _ prejudice.

Jared has always held anti-abortion views.However,after joining several chat rooms with people who share his views,he has become more extreme and uncompromising in his views.His more extreme views are the result of

Although Natalie receives somewhat greater rewards from her marriage than does her husband,both are satisfied with the relationship because they each benefit in proportion to what they put into it.This best illustrates the significance of

Michelle's 6-year-old son is behaving very poorly in a restaurant.Michelle tells her friend that he is behaving badly because he is tired.Michelle's friend thinks the behavior results from poor parenting.Both explanations are examples of

The social group to which a person belongs is called the _,and the social group to which a person does not belong is called the _.

After Mrs.Chanski and her children had helped themselves to free samples of the cookies being promoted in the grocery store,she felt obligated to buy some,even though they seemed unreasonably expensive.Her reaction best illustrates the significance of

Caitlin concluded that her husband was late for dinner because he was caught in heavy traffic.Her conclusion best illustrates an attribution based on

Quiz 11: Social Psychology

Evidence that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated offers support for

Groupthink is fueled by a desire for

According to the text,an attribution is

Although the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces,each sees the other country's actions as unreasonable and motivated by evil intentions.This situation best illustrates

The most powerful predictor of whether friendship begins is

Construction worker Wesley Autrey risked his life to rescue a man who had stumbled and fallen onto the subway tracks.Autrey's action is an example of

The text defines social psychology as the scientific study of how people ________ one another.

Marcus wants to build a new fence separating his yard from Michael's.Michael does not want the fence and has hired a lawyer to stop the building of the fence.Marcus and Michael are experiencing

Professor Hegg conducts research on cultural factors that contribute to the development of romantic love.Which specialty area does the professor's research best represent?

People's physical attractiveness is a good predictor of their

________ is used to explain people's behavior by crediting either the situation or the individual's personal traits.

Before Mark had even heard the details of Allison's car accident,he commented,"Allison is so absentminded,I'm sure it happened because she was talking on her cell phone and not paying attention." Mark's response illustrates

Ten-year-old Emmitt is able to bully other children to do what he wants because he is larger than they are.This successful bullying increases his self-esteem,which in turn leads to more bullying during the school year.Emmitt's bullying has increased due to

Ray voices his belief that those who are gay are living immorally,which is an example of a(n) ________ prejudice.Chad disagrees with Ray's attitude toward gays,but does not realize that he makes no effort to meet or make friends with gays,which indicates a(n) _______ prejudice.

Jared has always held anti-abortion views.However,after joining several chat rooms with people who share his views,he has become more extreme and uncompromising in his views.His more extreme views are the result of

Although Natalie receives somewhat greater rewards from her marriage than does her husband,both are satisfied with the relationship because they each benefit in proportion to what they put into it.This best illustrates the significance of

Michelle's 6-year-old son is behaving very poorly in a restaurant.Michelle tells her friend that he is behaving badly because he is tired.Michelle's friend thinks the behavior results from poor parenting.Both explanations are examples of

The social group to which a person belongs is called the _____,and the social group to which a person does not belong is called the _____.

After Mrs.Chanski and her children had helped themselves to free samples of the cookies being promoted in the grocery store,she felt obligated to buy some,even though they seemed unreasonably expensive.Her reaction best illustrates the significance of

Caitlin concluded that her husband was late for dinner because he was caught in heavy traffic.Her conclusion best illustrates an attribution based on

Ray voices his belief that those who are gay are living immorally,which is an example of a(n) __ prejudice.Chad disagrees with Ray's attitude toward gays,but does not realize that he makes no effort to meet or make friends with gays,which indicates a(n) _ prejudice.

The social group to which a person belongs is called the _,and the social group to which a person does not belong is called the _.