Question 1

Social loafing has been found to be especially noticeable among

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social loafing has been found to be...

Question 2

Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to

Accepted Answer

Social loafing occurs when individuals feel less accountable for their contributions to a group effort and may result in reduced effort or motivation to perform well. This often happens when individuals feel that their effort is not necessary for the success of the group because others can compensate for their lack of effort.

Question 3

Sanjay has been playing golf for only a couple of years and has very little confidence in his game.One day when he was playing by himself,a foursome offered to let him play through.He preceded to hit his ball into the pond.This illustrates that

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates the Yerkes-Dodson law, which suggests that a high level of arousal can actually inhibit the correct performance of difficult tasks. In this case, Sanjay's anxiety and nervousness likely led to a higher level of arousal, causing him to make a mistake while hitting his ball.

Question 4

The presence of others does not always lead to social facilitation because

Accepted Answer

The presence of others can lead to a high level of arousal, which can inhibit the correct performance of difficult tasks. This is known as social inhibition, rather than social facilitation. Therefore, option C is the best choice. The other options are not directly related to the concept of social facilitation.

Question 5

After an exciting football game in which the home team loses by one point,angry fans throw bottles and begin to tear up the field.This behavior is best understood in terms of

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation is a psychological phenomenon where people lose their sense of self-awareness and accountability in groups, leading to antisocial behaviors such as aggression, vandalism, and rioting. In this scenario, the fans' angry and impulsive reactions are likely fueled by the anonymity and perceived immunity of acting as a group, instead of as individuals.

Question 6

Comedy routines that are mildly amusing to people in an uncrowded room seem funnier in a densely packed room.This is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation refers to the phenomenon where people's performance is influenced by the presence of others. In this case, the crowded room is likely to elicit arousal and enhance the audience's positive response to the comedy routine, making it seem funnier than it may have been otherwise.

Question 7

Professor Janis was hired to help the campus police avoid riots after football game losses.He knows these riots are caused by situations that foster deindividuation.To help counteract deindividuation,the authorities should

Accepted Answer

Increasing self-awareness would help individuals focus on their personal values and beliefs, instead of getting caught up in group behaviors that lead to deindividuation. It would also remind them that they are individuals with their own responsibilities and actions. The other choices would likely increase deindividuation and contribute to the likelihood of riots.

Question 8

Social loafing is most likely to occur among

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is most likely to occur in situations where individual efforts are not directly identifiable and can blend into the group, such as when audience members are asked to applaud. In this scenario, an individual might exert less effort because their contribution is not directly measurable or accountable, unlike the other options where individual efforts and outcomes are clearly identifiable and rewarded.

Question 9

Every Halloween,Mrs.Augustin puts a bowl of candy on her porch with a sign that says,"Take one." This year the bowl was empty after just a few minutes,leading Mrs.Augustin to believe that one group of children took more than their fair share.To discourage such dishonest actions,Mrs.Augustin positioned a mirror above the candy bowl,which should work because

Accepted Answer

The answer of Every Halloween,Mrs.Augustin puts a bowl of candy...

Question 10

Students were observed to pull harder in a tug-of-war when they knew they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling behind them.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

This phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working in a group is known as social loafing. In this case, the students believed they had less responsibility since they were alone and therefore pulled harder. This is not an example of deindividuation or group polarization, and social facilitation would imply that the presence of others would increase performance rather than decrease it.

Question 11

People sometimes feel less personally accountable and less concerned about what others think of them when acting as part of a group.This most clearly contributes to

Accepted Answer

Social loafing is the tendency for people to put forth less effort when they are part of a group. This is because individuals feel less accountable and responsible for the outcome when working in a group. They may also feel that their contribution is not as crucial since there are others involved.

Question 12

Deindividuation refers to

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation is a phenomenon in which individuals lose their sense of individual identity and self-restraint when they become part of a group. This often happens when individuals are in a large, anonymous group in which they feel anonymous and their actions are unlikely to be recognized or held accountable. This can result in individuals engaging in behaviors that they would not typically engage in on their own, due to the arousal and lack of self-awareness fostered by the group situation.

Question 13

Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone.When four people watched them,they made 80 percent of their shots.This improvement illustrates the influence of

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation refers to the tendency for individuals to perform better on simple tasks in the presence of others. The expert pool players' improved performance in front of four people indicates the presence of social facilitation, where the observers provide arousal that enhances the players' dominant response (i.e., making shots). Group polarization, deindividuation, and social loafing do not fit the observed phenomenon.

Question 14

During a riot,a large sporting event,or an anonymous online discussion group,people may lose self-awareness and self-restraint.This is known as

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation refers to the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. This can lead to impulsive and potentially destructive behavior, as seen in riots and other similar situations. It is different from normative social influence, which is the tendency to conform to social norms in order to be liked or accepted by others, and social facilitation, which refers to the tendency to perform better on simple or well-learned tasks when in the presence of others. Social loafing, on the other hand, is the tendency to exert less effort on a task when working in a group.

Question 15

Norman is working on a class project in which he needs a high grade because the class is required for his major.The others in his group are aware of that and also know that Norman is an excellent student.Norman finds that the others are depending on him to do most of the work.The others in Norman's group are demonstrating

Accepted Answer

The others in the group are depending on Norman to do most of the work, indicating they are exhibiting social loafing. Social loafing is when individuals exert less effort in a group task than when working alone, assuming their individual contributions are not being evaluated.

Question 16

Tyree is a skilled cyclist.When practicing on a stationary bike,his speed seems to increase significantly as soon as the women's cycling team enters the gym.Tyree's increase in speed illustrates

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation is the tendency for people to perform better on simple tasks and worse on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated. In this scenario, Tyree's performance on the stationary bike seems to improve in the presence of the women's cycling team, suggesting that their presence is having a positive effect on his performance. This is an example of social facilitation. Group polarization, deindividuation, and groupthink do not fit this scenario as well.

Question 17

On which of the following tasks would the presence of others be most likely to lead to improved performance?

Accepted Answer

The presence of others tends to improve performance on simple or well-learned tasks due to social facilitation. Counting backward from 10 to 1 is a simple task that most people are familiar with, so performance on this task is likely to be improved in the presence of others. Tasks like reciting months in alphabetical order, learning foreign language words, or learning nonsense syllables are more complex and not well-learned, so the presence of others might not improve performance on these tasks.

Question 18

The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called

Accepted Answer

Group polarization refers to the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion. This can lead to the group making more extreme decisions than any individual member would have made on their own.

Question 19

Which of the following helps to counteract deindividuation?

Accepted Answer

Heightening self-awareness helps to counteract deindividuation by encouraging individuals to focus on their personal values and moral standards, which can help them resist the urge to conform to negative group behavior. In contrast, heightening feelings of anonymity, antisocial behavior, and arousal can all further exacerbate deindividuation.

Question 20

When New York University women were dressed in Ku Klux Klan-style hoods,they demonstrated significantly more aggression.This finding is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

The behavior of the NYU women can be explained by deindividuation, where individuals lose their sense of personal identity and become more likely to conform to the behavior of the group. Wearing hoods that cover their faces and obscures their individual identities contributes to deindividuation, which can lead to more aggressive behavior.

Quiz 11: Social Psychology