Question 1

In a child with hydrocephalus,the primary health-care provider performs surgical intervention and places an internal shunt.How will this intervention help to resolve the child's condition?

Accepted Answer

The placement of an internal shunt in a child with hydrocephalus helps to drain the excess cerebrospinal fluid and therefore decrease the intracranial pressure, which is the primary problem in hydrocephalus. This helps to relieve symptoms and prevent further damage to the brain. It does not directly impact infections or neurotransmitter levels, nor does it affect blood flow to the cranium.

Question 2

In a client with low cognitive ability,the primary health-care provider performs the fingerstick capillary lead level and identifies that the lead levels are high.Which action will the nurse expect from the primary health-care provider in the follow-up visit,after the initial assessment?

Accepted Answer

A determination test to measure lead levels in the client's venous blood is necessary to confirm the fingerstick capillary lead level result. Follow-up monitoring of lead levels in the client is important to assess the effectiveness of any intervention. Intravenous edentate calcium-disodium (EDTA) and intramuscular dimercaprol are chelating agents used in the treatment of lead poisoning but should be prescribed by a physician trained in their use for treatment of lead poisoning. Performing a cognitive-function test for the client is important for initial assessment but is not the appropriate next step after identifying high lead levels.

Question 3

Why is it important to hospitalize a child with Reye syndrome in the intensive care unit,even if the child is conscious?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

A 2-year-old child has an atrial septum defect.Cardiac catheterization has been performed and a transcatheter occlusion device has been placed in the defect.What would be the expected outcome after the procedure?

Accepted Answer

The expected outcome after placing a transcatheter occlusion device in an atrial septal defect is the growth of heart tissue around the device, which helps to permanently seal the defect.

Question 5

Which diagnostic test will the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider to confirm ventricular hypertrophy in a client with coarctation of the aorta (COA)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which diagnostic test will the nurse anticipate...

Question 6

The chest x-ray report of a premature neonate shows an enlarged pulmonary artery with increased pulmonary vascularity.Which action will the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider to treat the neonate?

Accepted Answer

Enlarged pulmonary artery with increased pulmonary vascularity is a common finding in premature neonates, which is usually due to patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Indomethacin is administered to close the PDA, which will reduce the blood flow to the lungs and decrease the size of the pulmonary artery. Stent placement or insertion of a transcatheter occlusion device may be considered if indomethacin is unsuccessful or contraindicated. Digoxin therapy is not indicated in the treatment of PDA.

Question 7

A child with coarctation of the aorta (COA)is scheduled for a chest x-ray.Which observation in the x-ray report confirms the condition?

Accepted Answer

The inverted 3 sign is a classic radiographic finding that indicates COA. The sign is created by the indentation of the aortic arch caused by the narrowing of the aorta at the level of the coarctation.

Question 8

Which factor is the key for successful treatment in a child with congenital talipes equinovarus?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which factor is the key for successful...

Question 9

A newborn with a birth weight of 1000 grams is diagnosed with tracheoesophageal fistula.Which intervention will the nurse anticipate from the health-care provider after the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A newborn with a birth weight of...

Question 10

A child is suspected to have ventricular septal defect (VSD).The echocardiography report does not show any defect.Which diagnostic test will the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider before confirming VSD?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A child is suspected to have ventricular...

Question 11

A child's mother tells the nurse,"Recently,my child is lethargic,delirious,confused and always complains of sleeplessness." The nurse palpates the child's abdomen and finds that the liver is enlarged.Which disorder will the nurse suspect in the child?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of lethargy, delirium, confusion, and sleeplessness along with an enlarged liver indicate Reye syndrome, a rare but potentially life-threatening condition most commonly seen in children following a viral illness treated with aspirin. Scoliosis is a curvature of the spine, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is a hip disorder seen in children, and fetal alcohol syndrome is a condition caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, none of which have the same symptoms or physical findings as mentioned in the scenario.

Question 12

Which cardiac defect in children is characterized by clubbing of the fingers?

Accepted Answer

Clubbing of the fingers is a common symptom of Tetralogy of Fallot, a congenital heart defect characterized by four main features: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The lack of oxygenated blood to the body can cause fingers and toes to become rounded and club-like in appearance.

Question 13

Which diagnostic test is prescribed for better visualization of an atrial septal defect (ASD)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which diagnostic test is prescribed for better...

Question 14

Which fetal structure is involved in the flow of oxygenated blood to the atrium?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which fetal structure is involved in the...

Question 15

The nurse observes that an infant's ocular globes are deviated downward and the upper eyelids are retracted.Which condition would the nurse suspect in the infant?

Accepted Answer

These symptoms are indicative of downward deviation of the eyes and retraction of the eyelids, suggesting the possibility of hydrocephalus, which is an accumulation of fluid in the brain that can cause pressure on the eyes and optic nerve. Meningocele, omphalocele, and gastroschisis are all congenital defects that do not typically present with this particular symptomatology.

Question 16

After observing that a child with Tetralogy of Fallot has severe shortness of breath,the nurse immediately positions the child in the squatting position.How will this position help to resolve the child's condition?

Accepted Answer

The answer of After observing that a child with Tetralogy...

Question 17

A newborn presents with the symptoms of cyanosis,rapid breathing,and agitation.The chest x-ray shows a boot-shaped heart.Which immediate intervention does the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms and chest x-ray findings indicate a diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot, which involves a narrowing of the pulmonary artery and a ventricular septal defect. Inserting a pulmonary stent to open the ductus arteriosus is an immediate intervention that can allow for more oxygenated blood to flow to the body. This can help alleviate the cyanosis, rapid breathing, and agitation symptoms. Cardiac catheterization, administering digoxin, and interventional balloon dilation angioplasty may be options for treatment, but they are not immediate interventions and should be determined by a pediatric cardiologist after further evaluation.

Question 18

The blood lead level of a child is 7$\mu$g/dL.The primary health-care provider prescribed intravenous edentate calcium-disodium (EDTA)and intramuscular dimercaprol to the child.Which outcome indicates that the medications are effective?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The blood lead level of a child...

Question 19

Which pathological condition exists in a newborn with myelomeningocele?

Accepted Answer

Myelomeningocele is a type of spina bifida that affects the spinal cord and the surrounding meninges. It is associated with the development of hydrocephalus in about 80-90% of cases, due to impaired flow or absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain. Hydrocephalus can lead to increased intracranial pressure, enlargement of the ventricles, brain damage, and cognitive impairment if not treated promptly with a shunt or other interventions. While biliary atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia are all congenital anomalies that can occur in neonates, they are unrelated to myelomeningocele. Biliary atresia is a rare condition where the bile ducts outside and/or inside the liver are blocked, leading to liver damage and jaundice. Tracheoesophageal fistula is a birth defect in which the esophagus and trachea do not separate properly in utero, causing food or liquid to go into the lungs and leading to respiratory distress. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a malformation where a hole in the diaphragm allows abdominal organs to move into the chest, compressing the lungs and interfering with breathing.

Question 20

A newborn is diagnosed with congenital hip dysplasia.The hip x-ray report shows that the pelvic bone of the newborn is partially dislocatable.How should the primary health-care provider convey this finding to the parents?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A newborn is diagnosed with congenital hip...

Quiz 45: Pediatric Disorders

In a child with hydrocephalus,the primary health-care provider performs surgical intervention and places an internal shunt.How will this intervention help to resolve the child's condition?

In a client with low cognitive ability,the primary health-care provider performs the fingerstick capillary lead level and identifies that the lead levels are high.Which action will the nurse expect from the primary health-care provider in the follow-up visit,after the initial assessment?

Why is it important to hospitalize a child with Reye syndrome in the intensive care unit,even if the child is conscious?

A 2-year-old child has an atrial septum defect.Cardiac catheterization has been performed and a transcatheter occlusion device has been placed in the defect.What would be the expected outcome after the procedure?

Which diagnostic test will the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider to confirm ventricular hypertrophy in a client with coarctation of the aorta (COA) ?

The chest x-ray report of a premature neonate shows an enlarged pulmonary artery with increased pulmonary vascularity.Which action will the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider to treat the neonate?

A child with coarctation of the aorta (COA) is scheduled for a chest x-ray.Which observation in the x-ray report confirms the condition?

Which factor is the key for successful treatment in a child with congenital talipes equinovarus?

A newborn with a birth weight of 1000 grams is diagnosed with tracheoesophageal fistula.Which intervention will the nurse anticipate from the health-care provider after the diagnosis?

A child is suspected to have ventricular septal defect (VSD) .The echocardiography report does not show any defect.Which diagnostic test will the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider before confirming VSD?

A child's mother tells the nurse,"Recently,my child is lethargic,delirious,confused and always complains of sleeplessness." The nurse palpates the child's abdomen and finds that the liver is enlarged.Which disorder will the nurse suspect in the child?

Which cardiac defect in children is characterized by clubbing of the fingers?

Which diagnostic test is prescribed for better visualization of an atrial septal defect (ASD) ?

Which fetal structure is involved in the flow of oxygenated blood to the atrium?

The nurse observes that an infant's ocular globes are deviated downward and the upper eyelids are retracted.Which condition would the nurse suspect in the infant?

After observing that a child with Tetralogy of Fallot has severe shortness of breath,the nurse immediately positions the child in the squatting position.How will this position help to resolve the child's condition?

A newborn presents with the symptoms of cyanosis,rapid breathing,and agitation.The chest x-ray shows a boot-shaped heart.Which immediate intervention does the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider?

The blood lead level of a child is 7 $\mu$ g/dL.The primary health-care provider prescribed intravenous edentate calcium-disodium (EDTA) and intramuscular dimercaprol to the child.Which outcome indicates that the medications are effective?

Which pathological condition exists in a newborn with myelomeningocele?

A newborn is diagnosed with congenital hip dysplasia.The hip x-ray report shows that the pelvic bone of the newborn is partially dislocatable.How should the primary health-care provider convey this finding to the parents?

Quiz 45: Pediatric Disorders

In a child with hydrocephalus,the primary health-care provider performs surgical intervention and places an internal shunt.How will this intervention help to resolve the child's condition?

In a client with low cognitive ability,the primary health-care provider performs the fingerstick capillary lead level and identifies that the lead levels are high.Which action will the nurse expect from the primary health-care provider in the follow-up visit,after the initial assessment?

Why is it important to hospitalize a child with Reye syndrome in the intensive care unit,even if the child is conscious?

A 2-year-old child has an atrial septum defect.Cardiac catheterization has been performed and a transcatheter occlusion device has been placed in the defect.What would be the expected outcome after the procedure?

Which diagnostic test will the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider to confirm ventricular hypertrophy in a client with coarctation of the aorta (COA) ?

The chest x-ray report of a premature neonate shows an enlarged pulmonary artery with increased pulmonary vascularity.Which action will the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider to treat the neonate?

A child with coarctation of the aorta (COA) is scheduled for a chest x-ray.Which observation in the x-ray report confirms the condition?

Which factor is the key for successful treatment in a child with congenital talipes equinovarus?

A newborn with a birth weight of 1000 grams is diagnosed with tracheoesophageal fistula.Which intervention will the nurse anticipate from the health-care provider after the diagnosis?

A child is suspected to have ventricular septal defect (VSD) .The echocardiography report does not show any defect.Which diagnostic test will the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider before confirming VSD?

A child's mother tells the nurse,"Recently,my child is lethargic,delirious,confused and always complains of sleeplessness." The nurse palpates the child's abdomen and finds that the liver is enlarged.Which disorder will the nurse suspect in the child?

Which cardiac defect in children is characterized by clubbing of the fingers?

Which diagnostic test is prescribed for better visualization of an atrial septal defect (ASD) ?

Which fetal structure is involved in the flow of oxygenated blood to the atrium?

The nurse observes that an infant's ocular globes are deviated downward and the upper eyelids are retracted.Which condition would the nurse suspect in the infant?

After observing that a child with Tetralogy of Fallot has severe shortness of breath,the nurse immediately positions the child in the squatting position.How will this position help to resolve the child's condition?

A newborn presents with the symptoms of cyanosis,rapid breathing,and agitation.The chest x-ray shows a boot-shaped heart.Which immediate intervention does the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider?

The blood lead level of a child is 7 μ\muμ g/dL.The primary health-care provider prescribed intravenous edentate calcium-disodium (EDTA) and intramuscular dimercaprol to the child.Which outcome indicates that the medications are effective?

Which pathological condition exists in a newborn with myelomeningocele?

A newborn is diagnosed with congenital hip dysplasia.The hip x-ray report shows that the pelvic bone of the newborn is partially dislocatable.How should the primary health-care provider convey this finding to the parents?

The blood lead level of a child is 7 $\mu$ g/dL.The primary health-care provider prescribed intravenous edentate calcium-disodium (EDTA) and intramuscular dimercaprol to the child.Which outcome indicates that the medications are effective?