Question 1

Which type of hepatitis is caused by a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)virus?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis B is caused by a DNA virus known as the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). Hepatitis A is caused by an RNA virus known as Hepatitis A virus (HAV), Hepatitis C is caused by an RNA virus known as Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Hepatitis D is caused by an RNA virus known as Hepatitis D virus (HDV).

Question 2

Which condition is commonly seen in the case of protein loss in clients with liver cirrhosis?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

While assessing a client with liver cirrhosis,the nurse observes that the client has asterixis.What is the reason for this condition of the client?

Accepted Answer

Asterixis is a sign of encephalopathy, which is a complication of liver cirrhosis. Encephalopathy can cause cognitive and motor function impairment due to the accumulation of toxins such as ammonia in the bloodstream. Asterixis is characterized by brief episodes of spontaneous, irregular muscle twitching, usually affecting the wrist and fingers, with a characteristic flapping motion.

Question 4

The registered nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about the functions of the liver.Which response of the student nurse indicates the need for further teaching?

Accepted Answer

The liver does not synthesize glucagon, it only stores and releases it as needed. The other statements are all true functions of the liver.

Question 5

While assessing a client who has liver dysfunction,the nurse finds that the client has shifting abdominal dullness.Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client?

Accepted Answer

Shifting abdominal dullness is a sign of ascites, which is a complication of liver dysfunction. It occurs due to the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Splenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen, spider angiomata are small, spider-like blood vessels that appear on the skin, and esophageal varices are swollen veins in the lower esophagus, all of which can be associated with liver dysfunction but are not related to shifting abdominal dullness.

Question 6

The registered nurse is teaching about the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)to student nurses.Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

Accepted Answer

Choice A is correct as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, which includes risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Choice B is incorrect as exposure to vinyl chloride can cause liver damage but not specifically NAFLD. Choice C is incorrect as lower levels of adiponectin (not increased levels) are associated with NAFLD. Choice D is incorrect as NAFLD is caused by accumulation of fat in the liver tissue, not adipose tissue.

Question 7

The laboratory reports of an alcoholic client show hepatic encephalopathy and portal hypertension.Which nursing interventions will be beneficial for the client? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Providing a low-sodium diet is important for clients with portal hypertension, as it helps to reduce fluid retention and prevent further damage to the liver.

C) Providing a high-protein diet is important for clients with hepatic encephalopathy, as it helps to support liver function and prevent muscle wasting.

E) Encouraging the use of thiamine supplements is important for clients with alcoholism, as they are often deficient in this vitamin due to poor dietary habits. Thiamine deficiency can contribute to the development of hepatic encephalopathy.

B) Providing a low-calorie diet is not necessarily indicated for this client, as malnutrition is a common problem in clients with liver disease and weight loss may worsen their condition.

D) Administering calcium compounds is not necessarily indicated for this client, as calcium metabolism is not typically affected by liver disease.

Question 8

What reason does the nurse suspect for the change of urine color in a client with liver disease?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What reason does the nurse suspect for...

Question 9

The registered nurse is teaching about portal hypertension to a group of student nurses.Which statement by the student nurse indicates the need for further teaching?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The registered nurse is teaching about portal...

Question 10

A client complains of fatigue and arthralgia to the nurse.On physical assessment,the nurse finds that the client has hyperpigmentation of the skin.Which lab test should the nurse suggest for safe and effective care of the client?

Accepted Answer

The client's symptoms of fatigue and arthralgia, along with hyperpigmentation of the skin are suggestive of iron overload, which can lead to hemochromatosis. Serum ferritin levels will help in confirming the diagnosis and appropriate management. Bilirubin levels, ceruloplasmin levels, and immunoglobulins level are not relevant to the assessment of hemochromatosis.

Question 11

The nurse finds ursodiol in a client's prescription.Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client?

Accepted Answer

Ursodiol is primarily used to treat primary biliary cirrhosis, a chronic liver disease where the bile ducts in the liver are damaged. It helps improve liver function and slows down the progression of the disease. It may also be prescribed for other liver conditions, such as cholangitis and gallstone prevention.

Question 12

After assessing a client with biliary cirrhosis,the nurse suspects xanthelasmas.Which laboratory test will support the nurse's conclusion?

Accepted Answer

Xanthelasmas are yellowish deposits of lipids that can form around the eyes. Therefore, lipid levels would support the nurse's suspicion of xanthelasmas in a client with biliary cirrhosis. Endoscopy would not provide information related to xanthelasmas. Bilirubin levels would be elevated in a client with biliary cirrhosis, but would not directly support a suspicion of xanthelasmas. Prothrombin time may be abnormal in liver disease, but is not specific to xanthelasmas.

Question 13

While reviewing the medical file of a client with cirrhosis,the nurse finds that the client has steatorrhea.What reason might the nurse suspect for this condition in the client?

Accepted Answer

Steatorrhea is a digestive condition characterized by fatty stools caused by the diminished synthesis of bile, which is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. In cirrhosis, there is a disruption of the normal function of the liver, which can lead to reduced bile production and the resultant steatorrhea. Hyperbilirubinemia (A) is a condition marked by high levels of bilirubin in the blood, whereas activation of stellate cells (B) is a process involved in the development of fibrosis (scarring) in the liver. Nitrogenous waste accumulation in the blood (D) is a sign of kidney dysfunction, which is not directly related to steatorrhea or cirrhosis.

Question 14

What is the risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)?

Accepted Answer

Protein malnutrition is a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) because it can lead to an imbalance in the metabolism of fats, contributing to the accumulation of fat in the liver.

Question 15

Which stage in the viral life cycle of hepatitis involves the production of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which stage in the viral life cycle...

Question 16

Which virus helper function is needed for the replication of hepatitis D virus?

Accepted Answer

Replication of hepatitis D virus requires the presence of hepatitis B virus, which acts as a helper virus. Therefore, the correct choice is hepatitis B virus (HBV).

Question 17

What is the mode of transmission for the hepatitis D virus?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis D virus is transmitted through blood transfusion and sexual contact. It cannot be transmitted through the oral-fecal route alone. Therefore, the best choice is D, which includes both A (blood transfusion) and C (sexual contact).

Question 18

The client with alcoholic liver disease is experiencing bruising,nosebleed,and hematemesis.Which treatment option does the nurse suspect to be effective in this client?

Accepted Answer

The client's symptoms suggest that they are experiencing coagulopathy due to liver disease. Vitamin K is necessary for the liver to produce clotting factors and therefore, supplementation can improve coagulation and reduce bleeding symptoms. Diuretics are not indicated for this condition. Band ligation is a treatment for variceal bleeding but not for coagulopathy. Phototherapy is not relevant for this condition.

Question 19

The nurse suspects hepatic encephalopathy in a client with severe liver dysfunction.Which symptom may support the nurse's conclusion?

Accepted Answer

Stupor is a common symptom of hepatic encephalopathy which is associated with severe liver dysfunction. Ascites, hematemesis, and spider angiomata are also common symptoms in liver dysfunction, but they do not necessarily support a diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy.

Question 20

The primary health-care provider suggests the hepatitis C virus (HCV)genotyping test to a client with liver disease.What is the rationale for this?

Accepted Answer

HCV genotyping test can predict the likelihood of response and the duration of treatment with different antiviral medications. Different genotypes of HCV have different responses to antiviral therapy, and knowing the specific genotype can guide the choice of treatment and duration of therapy. It does not determine the severity of the disease or predict the prognosis, and it is not used to detect the presence of antibodies against antigens.

Quiz 31: Infection,inflammation,and Cirrhosis of the Liver

Which type of hepatitis is caused by a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus?