Question 1

A nursing instructor is teaching a group of student nurses about athetosis movements in clients with Huntington's disease.Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

Accepted Answer

Athetosis movements in clients with Huntington's disease refer to twisting and writhing movements, as stated in option A. Option B refers to chorea movements, not athetosis. Option C refers to ballismus, which is a different movement disorder. Option D is partially correct, but it refers to antipsychotic medications being beneficial for treating chorea, not athetosis.

Question 2

The nurse is discussing the interictal period with a group of student nurses.Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

In a client with Guillain-Barré syndrome,the health-care provider has found that the possibility of performing plasmapheresis is low.Which other alternative treatment can be recommended to this client to produce the same effect as that of plasmapheresis?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 4

Which statement by the student nurse indicates the need for further teaching about cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)analysis?

Accepted Answer

The statement "To lessen the after-effect of lumbar puncture, the client is asked to stand still" is incorrect. After a lumbar puncture, the client is usually advised to lie flat and avoid sudden movements to prevent complications. Therefore, the student nurse needs further teaching about the after-care instructions following a lumbar puncture.

Question 5

Which client is expected to have status epilepticus?

Accepted Answer

Status epilepticus is a medical emergency that occurs when a seizure lasts for more than five minutes or when a client has multiple seizures without returning to baseline in between episodes. A client who is experiencing a series of three tonic-clonic seizures is at risk for developing status epilepticus.

Question 6

Which pathophysiological condition particularly activates the trigeminovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Cluster headache is known to particularly activate the trigeminovascular system, leading to severe headache pain. Tension headaches may also involve activation of this system, but to a lesser degree. Epilepsy and Parkinson's disease do not typically involve activation of the trigeminovascular system.

Question 7

Which statement relates to multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disorder, which means the protective covering around nerve fibers (myelin) in the central nervous system is damaged, leading to various neurological symptoms. It is not an autosomal dominant disorder (answer B), nor is it the progressive loss of dopamine-producing cells (answer C) or the loss of upper and lower motor neurons (answer D).

Question 8

Which diagnostic test is used to measure the brain and body activity during sleep?

Accepted Answer

A Polysomnogram (PSG) is a diagnostic test used to measure brain and body activity during sleep. It typically involves monitoring brain waves, eye movements, muscle activity, heart rate, breathing, and oxygen levels to assess sleep stages and identify any sleep disorders. Myelography is an imaging test used to examine the spine, thermography is a diagnostic imaging technique using infrared imaging to detect heat patterns and evoked potentials are brain waves measured in response to sensory stimuli.

Question 9

Which instruction should the nurse provide to a client who is prescribed an anticholinergic drug for symptomatic relief of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Anticholinergic drugs commonly cause dry mouth and can also cause double vision. It is important for the client to be aware of potential side effects and report any symptoms to their healthcare provider. Option B is incorrect as anticholinergic drugs can cause drowsiness and slower movements, which may affect daily activities. Option C is incorrect as exercise therapy is an important component of Parkinson's disease management and should not be avoided without consulting a healthcare provider. Option D is incorrect as anticholinergic drugs can help improve tremors in Parkinson's disease and are not known for precipitating tremors.

Question 10

A client suffering from myasthenia gravis is admitted to the intensive care unit after being diagnosed with respiratory failure.Which factor could have precipitated this condition in the client?

Accepted Answer

All of the aforementioned factors can precipitate respiratory failure in a client with myasthenia gravis. A tapered dose of immunosuppressants can cause a flare-up of the autoimmune disease, resulting in respiratory muscle weakness. Microbial infections can also exacerbate myasthenia gravis and lead to respiratory failure. Additionally, surgery can cause increased stress and strain on the respiratory muscles, which can be problematic for a client with myasthenia gravis.

Question 11

Which neurotransmitter is depleted in clients with Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain, which leads to a deficiency in dopamine neurotransmitter.

Question 12

While reviewing the medication chart of a client,the nurse finds that the client is on a therapy to decrease the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate.Which disorder will the nurse suspect in the client?

Accepted Answer

The answer of While reviewing the medication chart of a...

Question 13

The nursing instructor is teaching a group of student nurses about the preventive therapy for migraine.Which client requires preventive therapy to be prioritized first?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nursing instructor is teaching a group...

Question 14

A client is diagnosed with narrowing of the spinal cord.Based on which test did the primary health-care provider confirm this diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scans provide detailed images of the body, including the spine, and can reveal narrowing of the spinal cord or spinal stenosis. This makes it a key diagnostic tool for such conditions.

Question 15

The nurse is caring for a client who had a head injury in a motor vehicle accident.The client complains of lack of coordination and imbalance since the accident.Which part of the cerebrum would the nurse suspect to have been damaged?

Accepted Answer

Lack of coordination and imbalance are symptoms commonly associated with damage to the cerebellum, which is responsible for coordinating motor movements and maintaining balance. The cerebrum is responsible for higher thinking processes such as consciousness, perception, and memory. The brain stem and diencephalon are responsible for regulating important bodily processes such as breathing and heart rate.

Question 16

The student nurse is performing a Babinski reflex test in a client to assess his or her neurologic system.Which is the correct interpretation by the student nurse?

Accepted Answer

A positive Babinski reflex, where the client has flaring of the toes in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot, indicates an upper motor neuron disorder. A negative Babinski reflex is normal and indicates proper neurologic function. Option A is incorrect because a negative Babinski reflex indicates a normal neurologic system. Option C is incorrect because a positive Babinski reflex involves the toes extending and flaring, not flexing inward. Option D is incorrect because a negative Babinski reflex does not involve flaring of the toes.

Question 17

Which type of epileptic seizure is characterized by a sudden lapse of consciousness for 5 to 30 seconds?

Accepted Answer

A petit mal seizure, also known as an absence seizure, is characterized by a sudden lapse of consciousness for 5 to 30 seconds. Tonic seizures involve stiffening of the muscles, clonic seizures involve rhythmic jerking movements, and tonic-clonic seizures involve both stiffening and jerking.

Question 18

The nursing instructor is teaching a group of student nurses about the most important intervention for clients with myasthenic crisis.Which statement made by a student nurse indicates effective learning?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring the forced vital capacity and negative inspiratory force every 2 to 4 hours is the most important intervention for clients with myasthenic crisis, as these values provide information on the client's respiratory function and need for mechanical ventilation. Monitoring arterial blood gases and heart rate are also important, but not the most crucial intervention. Withdrawing immunosuppressant agents may worsen the crisis and is not recommended.

Question 19

Which neurotransmitter dysfunction has been implicated in Tourette's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine dysfunction has been found to be involved in the symptoms of Tourette's syndrome, specifically in the regulation of movement and behavior. Some medications used to treat Tourette's syndrome work by targeting dopamine in the brain.

Question 20

After a theoretical session about edrophonium (Tensilon)testing,the nursing instructor asks a student nurse to perform the test in a group of clients with different neurological disorders.Which client should the student nurse choose to perform the test?

Accepted Answer

Edrophonium (Tensilon) testing is used to diagnose myasthenia gravis. It is not indicated for the other neurological disorders listed.

Quiz 34: Chronic and Degenerative Neurologic Disorders