Question 1

A nurse is assessing a client with a short but thick neck circumference.Which form of cardiopulmonary disorder can the nurse suspect in the client?

Accepted Answer

Pickwickian syndrome, also known as obesity hypoventilation syndrome, is often associated with individuals who have a short but thick neck circumference. This physical characteristic can contribute to obstructive sleep apnea, a common feature of the syndrome, leading to hypoventilation and resultant cardiopulmonary complications.

Question 2

A nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about the administration of asthma medication.Which statement by a student nurse shows appropriate learning?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

While assessing the reports of a client,a nurse finds that there has been an abnormal collection of fluid within the pleural cavity.What remedy can the nurse infer about the condition based on the symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal collection of fluid within the pleural cavity is known as pleural effusion. The treatment for pleural effusion includes thoracotomy and chest tube attached for suctioning to drain the accumulated fluid. This helps relieve the pressure on the lung and allows the lung to expand freely. The other treatment options mentioned in the options are not suitable for this condition.

Question 4

A nurse is assessing a 28-year-old client who is a smoker and has inherited Marfan syndrome as a genetic disorder.The previous medical reports of the client do not suggest any evidence of an underlying lung disease.Which condition is possible in the client according to the nurse's prediction?

Accepted Answer

Given the client's age, smoking history, and genetic disorder, the most likely pneumothorax in this case is a primary spontaneous pneumothorax. This occurs in individuals with no underlying lung disease, and smoking is a risk factor for the development of this condition. The other types of pneumothorax mentioned (traumatic, tension, and iatrogenic) are less likely based on the information provided in the question.

Question 5

After assessing the recent chest x-rays of a client,a nurse finds nodules and honeycomb lung patterns.On assessing the client's previous chest x-ray report,the nurse finds diffused "ground glass" markings in the lower lung fields.What condition can the nurse infer from these observations?

Accepted Answer

The nodules, honeycomb lung patterns, and diffused ground glass markings are characteristic findings in a client with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thoracic cage deformity may cause restrictive lung disease and lead to decreased lung volumes but would not produce the imaging findings seen in this case. Pleural effusion would appear as a collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall, but it wouldn't have the same nodules, honeycomb lung patterns or diffuse ground glass markings. Pulmonary embolism would typically show as a focal area of consolidation or an area of decreased lung attenuation which is not the case here.

Question 6

A nurse suspects a client may have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).What should the nurse utilize as a diagnostic tool to diagnose OSA?

Accepted Answer

The gold standard diagnostic tool for OSA is polysomnography, which measures various physiological parameters during sleep such as respiratory effort, oxygen saturation, and airflow. A chest x-ray or CT scan may be used to evaluate underlying lung or structural abnormalities, but they are not specific for OSA. Ultrasound is not commonly used for diagnostic purposes in OSA.

Question 7

A nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with secondary pulmonary hypertension.The increase in the pulmonary artery pressure has led to the client's elevated pulmonary venous pressure.Which condition does the nurse predict to occur in the client?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is assessing a client diagnosed...

Question 8

A nurse is assessing a client who has been working in the paint factory for an extensive period.The client has been constantly exposed to mineral crystals in the form of asbestos.The client has been a chain smoker as well.What prevalent disease,according to the nurse,is the client prone to?

Accepted Answer

The client is at high risk for developing mesothelioma, a rare form of cancer that develops in the lining of the lungs, abdomen, or heart. Asbestos exposure is the primary cause of mesothelioma, and smoking increases the risk even further. Hypoxemia, tuberculosis, and pneumothorax may be secondary conditions that result from mesothelioma or other lung diseases, but they are not directly related to asbestos exposure.

Question 9

What is a clot that has traveled to the pulmonary arterial circulation and caused obstruction of the arterial blood flow through the lungs known as?

Accepted Answer

A clot that has traveled to the pulmonary arterial circulation and caused obstruction of the arterial blood flow through the lungs is known as a pulmonary embolism.

Question 10

A nurse instructor is teaching a group of student nurses about obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Which treatment,according to the nurse,should be most appropriate to keep the airways from closing?

Accepted Answer

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the most appropriate treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as it keeps the airways open by providing a constant flow of air through a mask worn during sleep. Polysomnography is a diagnostic test used to diagnose sleep disorders, including OSA. Central nervous system stimulants and leukotriene antagonists are not appropriate treatments for OSA.

Question 11

A primary health-care provider is assessing a client who is a minor and has been constantly exposed to silica.What immediate test does a nurse expect the primary health-care provider to carry on the client for detecting tuberculosis (TB)?

Accepted Answer

The Mantoux test is a common test used for detecting tuberculosis (TB). It involves injecting a small amount of purified protein derivative (PPD) into the skin of the forearm and then observing the site for a reaction. This test is commonly used in those who have been exposed to silica, as silica exposure has been associated with an increased risk of TB. Transthoracic echocardiogram, polysomnogram, and pulmonary function test (PFT) are not tests used to detect TB.

Question 12

Which lung condition is common in clients with a genetic disorder such as Marfan syndrome as well as frequent smokers?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which lung condition is common in clients...

Question 13

Which condition is also known as hypoventilation syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Hypoventilation syndrome refers to a condition where a person has shallow or slow breathing, resulting in low oxygen levels and high carbon dioxide levels in the body. Obstructive sleep apnea is a common cause of hypoventilation syndrome, as it involves pauses in breathing during sleep that lead to decreased oxygen levels and increased carbon dioxide levels.

Question 14

A nurse has been assessing a client who has been working as a butcher for an extensive period.The client had a prolonged and intense exposure to inhaled organic dust in the form of animal protein.What disorder,according to the nurse,can affect the client the most?

Accepted Answer

The client's exposure to inhaled organic dust in the form of animal protein can lead to hypersensitivity pneumonitis, which is an inflammatory lung disease caused by the inhalation of organic dust or other antigens. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive lung disease of unclear cause, anthracosis results from the deposition of carbon in the lungs due to exposure to coal dust, and PSP is a spontaneous collapse of the lung without a known cause.

Question 15

A primary health-care provider finds a client complaining of chest pain,dyspnea,and an increased respiratory rate.On closer inspection,the chest expansion is found to be asymmetrical.On percussion,the primary health-care provider finds chest hyperresonance.What condition can the primary health-care provider interpret from this situation?

Accepted Answer

Chest pain, dyspnea, asymmetrical chest expansion, and hyperresonance on percussion are classic signs of pneumothorax or collapsed lungs. Pleural effusion would present with dullness on percussion, not hyperresonance. Asbestosis and thoracic cage deformity would not typically present with these specific symptoms.

Question 16

After assessing a client's reports,a nurse finds that the client is suffering from wheezing,prolonged exhalations,and rhonchi.The client uses accessory muscles during breathing.As a treatment,the primary health-care provider prescribes bronchodilators and corticosteroids in the form of inhalers as treatment.What disorder can the nurse infer from the symptoms of the client and the treatment that has been provided to the client?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of wheezing, prolonged exhalations, and use of accessory muscles during breathing are common in asthma. The prescribed treatment of bronchodilators and corticosteroids in the form of inhalers is also commonly used in asthma management.

Question 17

A nurse is advising a client about adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Which statement shows best that the nurse properly understands the disorder?

Accepted Answer

ARDS typically occurs in response to a severe underlying illness or injury and results in widespread inflammation that can lead to multiple organ failure and critical illness. Option A is correct in stating the timeline for development of the disorder, but alone is not the best representation of understanding ARDS. Option B is incorrect as ARDS does not necessarily lead to acute pancreatitis or aspiration. Option D is also incorrect as ARDS is not a genetic disorder, but rather an acute lung injury response.

Question 18

A primary health-care provider finds that a client is suffering from symptoms such as jugular venous distension,ascites,hepatomegaly,and ankle or sacral edema.What condition does the health-care provider interpret from this situation?

Accepted Answer

Cor pulmonale is a condition where the right ventricle of the heart becomes enlarged and weakened due to lung disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or pulmonary hypertension. Jugular venous distension, ascites, hepatomegaly, and ankle or sacral edema are common symptoms of cor pulmonale. Pulmonary hypertension can also lead to cor pulmonale, but the symptoms listed only suggest cor pulmonale. Asthma and chronic hypoxia do not necessarily cause these specific symptoms.

Question 19

A victim of a motor vehicle accident comes to a medical facility with a rib fracture that has punctured the pleural membrane.The open wound allows the pleural cavity to pull air into the opening of the wound,thus building a pleural space.What treatment can a nurse expect from the primary health-care provider?

Accepted Answer

The nurse can expect a chest tube with suction to be applied on the affected side. This is the standard treatment for a pneumothorax (air in the pleural space) caused by a rib fracture. The chest tube with suction will help to re-expand the lung by removing the air from the pleural space. Options A and B are not indicated for this condition, and option D would only be necessary if there were other complications present.

Question 20

A nurse is preparing a client for a central venous catheter insertion.Which condition during the operating procedure should the nurse be most alert of?

Accepted Answer

During the insertion of a central venous catheter, the nurse should be most alert for the development of iatrogenic pneumothorax, which is a complication that can occur if the lung is accidentally punctured during the procedure. Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP), tension pneumothorax, and traumatic pneumothorax are all types of pneumothorax, but they are not typically associated with central venous catheter insertion.

Quiz 21: Restrictive and Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders