Question 1

Which statement is correct regarding the effects of exercise?

Accepted Answer

Exercise stimulates the growth of muscle fibers, leading to their enlargement. This is known as hypertrophy.

Question 2

A client who has been taking an antidepressant for 10 days complains of depression and does not find the medication to be effective.Which is the best response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

It is important for the nurse to educate the client that antidepressants typically take 3-4 weeks to become fully effective. Increasing the dosage or changing the medication without first giving it adequate time to work could be detrimental to the client's health. The nurse should encourage the client to continue taking the medication as prescribed and follow up with the healthcare provider if there are ongoing concerns. Option D to stop taking the medication is not a recommended option for a client who has been on an antidepressant for only 10 days.

Question 3

Which stage of sleep makes it difficult to wake someone?

Accepted Answer

Stage 3, also known as deep sleep, is the stage in which it is difficult to wake someone as they are in the deepest level of unconsciousness. Additionally, it is during this stage that the body performs important restorative functions, such as tissue repair and growth hormone secretion.

Question 4

What happens when nitric-oxide dependent vasodilation occurs in the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation in the coronary arteries leads to an increase in myocardial perfusion by increasing blood flow to the heart muscle. It does not cause an increase in platelet activation, thrombus formation, or endothelial inflammation.

Question 5

What is polysomnography?

Accepted Answer

Polysomnography is a diagnostic test used to examine sleep patterns, which includes monitoring brain waves, oxygen levels, heart rate, breathing, and eye and limb movements. It is used to diagnose sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and insomnia.

Question 6

What is the physiological change that occurs in stage 5 of the sleep cycle?

Accepted Answer

Stage 5 of the sleep cycle is also known as REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, during which breathing becomes rapid and irregular. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect because heart rate actually increases during REM sleep. Option C is incorrect because breathing is not regular during this stage. Option D is incorrect because there is a physiological change occurring in stage 5 of the sleep cycle.

Question 7

A registered nurse is explaining the effects of exercise on cardiovascular system to a student nurse.Which statement by the student nurse indicates effective teaching?

Accepted Answer

Exercise can prevent the formation of blood clots (thrombus), which can lead to blockages in the cardiovascular system. This is due to exercise's ability to stimulate the production of substances that prevent the formation of clots, as well as increase blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Exercise does not increase fibrinogen levels, which is a protein involved in blood clotting. Exercise also does not prevent angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels, a process that is important for wound healing and tissue growth. Additionally, exercise does not decrease cardiac muscle mass, but rather can improve the function of the heart muscle and increase its efficiency.

Question 8

A client is scheduled for a heart valve replacement.Which strategic action of the primary healthcare provider enhances the client's adaptive ability and coping mechanism to reduce stress?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging a family member to stay with the client in the pre-operative setting can enhance the client's adaptive ability and coping mechanism by providing emotional support, reducing anxiety, and increasing the sense of security. This can ultimately reduce stress and improve the client's response to the surgery. Permitting a family member to stay in the operation theater is not typically allowed for safety reasons, and administering epinephrine would not be appropriate for reducing stress in this situation. Restricting family members from talking to the client can increase anxiety and isolate the client, which can interfere with the coping mechanism and increase stress.

Question 9

A client,who is on prolonged bed rest,has developed kidney stones.Which factor could have caused kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged bed rest can lead to bone demineralization, which can increase the levels of parathyroid hormone. High levels of parathyroid hormone can cause calcium to be released from the bones and deposited in the kidneys, leading to the formation of kidney stones. Changes in glucose, growth hormone, and thyroid hormone levels are not commonly associated with the development of kidney stones in individuals on prolonged bed rest.

Question 10

Which condition commonly found in inactive clients results in edema?

Accepted Answer

Venous stasis, or the pooling of blood in the veins due to lack of movement, is a common condition found in inactive clients. This can result in edema, or the accumulation of fluid in the tissues causing swelling. Pulmonary embolism, hypertension, and orthostatic hypotension may also be conditions found in inactive clients, but they are not directly associated with edema.

Question 11

Which is an example of eustress?

Accepted Answer

Eustress refers to positive stressors that lead to positive outcomes, such as a job promotion, which can bring increased job satisfaction and financial stability. The death of a friend (B), unemployment (C), and divorce (D) are examples of distress, which are negative stressors that can lead to negative outcomes.

Question 12

A client was hospitalized due to immobility.The blood report after one month of hospitalization shows that the client has developed septicemia.Which factor could have caused septicemia?

Accepted Answer

Decubitus ulcer (also known as bedsores or pressure ulcers) are a common complication of immobility, especially in hospitalized patients. These ulcers can become infected and lead to septicemia, a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. The other options (A, C, and D) are unlikely to directly cause septicemia in this scenario.

Question 13

In which stage of Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome is the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)activated?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is activated during the alarm stage, which is the first stage of Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome. In this stage, the body perceives a stressor and prepares for the "fight or flight" response, which includes the activation of the SNS.

Question 14

Which problem is a 55-year-old client most likely to exhibit as a result of prolonged benzodiazepine use?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged benzodiazepine use can lead to motor coordination impairment, including an unstable gait. The other options (B, C, and D) are not typically associated with benzodiazepine use.

Question 15

What is the result of decreased cardiac output in a client,who is on a prolonged bed rest?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged bed rest can lead to deconditioning of the cardiovascular system, leading to decreased cardiac output. The body's natural response to this is to increase heart rate to try and maintain adequate blood flow to the body's tissues. Therefore, an increase in heart rate is the expected result of decreased cardiac output in a client on prolonged bed rest. The other options (A, C, D) are not expected outcomes in this situation.

Question 16

Which is the most commonly used over-the-counter sleep aid?

Accepted Answer

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is the most commonly used over-the-counter sleep aid. It is an antihistamine that can cause drowsiness as a side effect, making it an effective sleep aid for some people. However, it may cause unwanted side effects such as dry mouth, dizziness, and grogginess the next day. It is important to speak with a healthcare provider before using any over-the-counter sleep aid.

Question 17

A nurse is providing care for a client,who is on bed rest due to immobility.Which measure does the nurse adopt in order to counteract the ill effects of immobility?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A nurse is providing care for a...

Question 18

A bedridden client has frequent gastrointestinal reflux.Which condition might the client develop due to gastrointestinal reflux?

Accepted Answer

Gastrointestinal reflux can cause stomach contents to flow back into the throat and potentially be aspirated into the lungs, leading to aspiration pneumonia. Hypotension, hyperthermia, and constipation are not typically associated with gastrointestinal reflux.

Question 19

A client is on long-term bed rest.Which condition might the client develop due to immobility?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged bed rest can lead to venous stasis which is the pooling of blood in the veins of the lower extremities due to lack of movement. This can cause swelling, pain, and increase the risk of developing blood clots. Orthostatic hypotension can occur when a person changes position from lying down to standing up too quickly, and is not directly related to prolonged bed rest. Hypertension and dyspnea may be caused by other factors and are not directly related to immobility.

Question 20

What is the effect of physical activity on gastrointestinal system?

Accepted Answer

Physical activity can improve peristaltic movement in the GI system, which can lead to improved digestion and bowel movements. It can also help prevent constipation. However, there is no evidence that physical activity increases the risk of diverticulosis or inflammatory bowel diseases.

Quiz 4: Stress, exercise, and Immobility