Question 1

Tempest is in the Strange Situation and appears dazed, confused, and fearful. She would most likely be classified as:
A) insecure avoidant.
B) insecure disorganized.
C) insecure resistant.
D) securely attached.

Accepted Answer

Tempest's behavior is consistent with insecure disorganized attachment, which is characterized by a mixture of avoidant and resistant behaviors.

Question 2

A study of mother-infant dyads from age seven months to two years found that maternal sensitivity and autonomy predicted:
A) secure attachments.
B) avoidant attachments.
C) resistant attachments.
D) disorganized attachments.

Accepted Answer

Maternal sensitivity and autonomy are associated with secure attachments, as they foster a supportive and responsive environment for the infant.

Question 3

In the Strange Situation, Cameron did not explore the playroom, clung to his mother when she was in the room, and was very upset when she left the room. When she returned, he appeared to be ambivalent-both wanting to be comforted by his mother and pushing her away when she attempted to do so. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Cameron as:
A) securely attached.
B) insecure avoidant.
C) insecure resistant.
D) insecure disorganized.

Accepted Answer

Cameron's behavior in the Strange Situation, characterized by clinging to his mother, being very upset when she leaves, and showing ambivalence upon her return, aligns with the insecure resistant attachment style.

Question 4

Jeremy is a securely attached infant; Jason is classified as an insecure infant. Which of the following statements about later functioning for these children is true?
A) There will be no differences in their social functioning by age eight.
B) Jeremy is more likely than Jason to have learning difficulty in elementary school.
C) Jeremy is likely to be more shy and withdrawn than Jason.
D) Jeremy is more likely than Jason to have high self-confidence.

Accepted Answer

Securely attached infants like Jeremy tend to develop higher self-confidence and better social skills compared to insecurely attached infants like Jason.

Question 5

A recent study revealed that sensitive maternal responding was linked to:
A) insecure disorganized attachment.
B) insecure avoidant attachment.
C) infant attachment security.
D) poorly developed primary emotions.

Accepted Answer

Sensitive maternal responding is associated with infant attachment security, as it helps infants develop a sense of trust and safety.

Question 6

The _____ model involves connections across domains, and over time, that influence developmental pathways and outcomes.
A) internal working
B) external working
C) Strange Situation
D) developmental cascade

Accepted Answer

The developmental cascade model involves connections across different domains and over time, influencing developmental pathways and outcomes.

Question 7

Which of the following was not a finding in the meta-analysis supporting developmental cascade model?
A) Very little stability of attachment security occurred from early infancy to adulthood.
B) No significant stability occurred for time intervals of more than 15 years.
C) Attachment stability was greater when the time span was less than two years than when it was more than five years.
D) Securely attached children at risk were less likely to maintain attachment security while insecurely attached children at risk were likely to continue to be insecurely attached.

Accepted Answer

The meta-analysis found that there was some stability of attachment security from early infancy to adulthood, contradicting the statement in choice A.

Question 8

Blanca works long hours, and when she is home she rarely holds her baby, Joey. She is often tired and tends to respond to his needs in an angry, irritable fashion. It is most likely that Joey will develop a(n) _____ with his mother.
A) secure attachment
B) insecure avoidant attachment
C) insecure resistant infant attachment
D) disorganized resistant infant attachment

Accepted Answer

Joey is likely to develop an insecure avoidant attachment because his mother is often unresponsive and irritable, leading him to avoid seeking comfort from her.

Question 9

Recent studies find that a disorganized attachment style developed in infancy only when infants had the short version of the serotonin transporter gene-five-HTTLPR. This gene-environment interaction only occurred when:
A) the infants' other-consciousness is poorly developed in the first six months after birth.
B) mothers were slow or inconsistent in responding to their infants.
C) maternal nutrition was deficient during the prenatal period.
D) the infants were temperamentally inclined toward negative affectivity.

Accepted Answer

The gene-environment interaction occurred when mothers were slow or inconsistent in responding to their infants, highlighting the role of maternal responsiveness in the development of attachment styles.

Question 10

Caregivers of _____ babies tend to be unavailable or rejecting, unresponsive, and easily irritated.
A) adaptive
B) avoidant
C) resistant
D) disorganized

Accepted Answer

Avoidant attachment in babies is often linked to caregivers who are unavailable, rejecting, unresponsive, or easily irritated.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about caregivers of resistant babies is likely to be true?
A) They tend to show little synchrony when interacting with the children.
B) They engage in too much child-directed speech.
C) They tend to engage in scaffolding with their children.
D) They tend to physically abuse their children.

Accepted Answer

Caregivers of resistant babies often show little synchrony in interactions, meaning they may not be responsive or attuned to the baby's needs and signals, leading to insecure attachment.

Question 12

Natalie is in the Strange Situation, and she clings anxiously to her caregiver. She does not explore the playroom. She would most likely be classified as:
A) securely attached.
B) insecure disorganized.
C) insecure resistant.
D) insecure avoidant.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Natalie is in the Strange Situation, and...

Question 13

A criticism of _____ theory is that it ignores the diversity of socializing agents and contexts that exist in an infant's world.
A) developmental cascades
B) social cognitive
C) attachment
D) psychoanalytic

Accepted Answer

Attachment theory is often criticized for focusing primarily on the caregiver-infant bond and not adequately considering the variety of socializing agents and contexts that influence an infant's development.

Question 14

According to critics, the Strange Situation might not be able to capture important differences among infants because:
A) the Strange Situation is a controlled, artificial situation.
B) there is too little control of contextual factors in the Strange Situation.
C) information from the Strange Situation is biased by observers' impressions.
D) as a measure of attachment, it may be culturally biased.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to critics, the Strange Situation might...

Question 15

According to a recent meta-analysis, secure attachment in infancy was linked to:
A) social competence with peers in childhood.
B) more externalizing behaviors in preschool.
C) more internalizing behaviors in middle school.
D) higher dropout rates in high school.

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment in infancy is associated with better social competence with peers in childhood, as it lays a foundation for healthy emotional and social development.

Question 16

Which of the following babies would appear disoriented in the Strange Situation conducted by Mary Ainsworth?
A) Tina, who is securely attached to her caregiver
B) Henry, who is an insecure resistant baby
C) Clara, who is an insecure disorganized baby
D) Tobias, who is insecure and avoidant toward his caregiver

Accepted Answer

In the Strange Situation, a disoriented baby is typically classified as having a disorganized attachment, which is characterized by a lack of a coherent attachment strategy, often appearing confused or apprehensive.

Question 17

Caregivers of _____ babies often neglect or physically abuse them.
A) adaptive
B) avoidant
C) resistant
D) disorganized

Accepted Answer

Caregivers of disorganized babies often neglect or physically abuse them, as these babies display a lack of clear attachment behavior and may seem confused or apprehensive in the presence of their caregiver.

Question 18

In an extensive longitudinal study by Sroufe and his colleagues, secure attachment was related to all of the following except:
A) high self-esteem.
B) positive emotional health.
C) socially competent interactions with romantic partners.
D) higher IQ scores.

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment is related to emotional and social outcomes, but not directly to higher IQ scores.

Question 19

Jerome Kagan and other developmentalists stress that _____ play(s) more important roles in a child's social competence than the attachment theorists, such as Bowlby and Ainsworth, are willing to acknowledge.
A) the child's genetic characteristics and temperament
B) the quality of parenting
C) security of attachment to a primary caregiver
D) diversity of social contexts in which the child participates

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jerome Kagan and other developmentalists stress that...

Question 20

_____ can include connections between a wide range of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes, and also can involve social contexts such as families, peers, schools, and culture.
A) Reciprocal socializations
B) Developmental cascades
C) Secure attachments
D) Scaffolding

Accepted Answer

Developmental cascades refer to the interconnected and ongoing processes of development that can involve a wide range of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional factors. These processes can be influenced by social contexts such as families, peers, schools, and culture, and can have cascading effects on different aspects of development over time. While other options such as reciprocal socializations, secure attachments, and scaffolding can also involve social and developmental processes, they do not capture the broad and interconnected nature of developmental cascades.

Quiz 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Tempest is in the Strange Situation and appears dazed, confused, and fearful. She would most likely be classified as:

A study of mother-infant dyads from age seven months to two years found that maternal sensitivity and autonomy predicted:

Jeremy is a securely attached infant; Jason is classified as an insecure infant. Which of the following statements about later functioning for these children is true?

A recent study revealed that sensitive maternal responding was linked to:

The _____ model involves connections across domains, and over time, that influence developmental pathways and outcomes.

Which of the following was not a finding in the meta-analysis supporting developmental cascade model?

Blanca works long hours, and when she is home she rarely holds her baby, Joey. She is often tired and tends to respond to his needs in an angry, irritable fashion. It is most likely that Joey will develop a(n) _____ with his mother.

Recent studies find that a disorganized attachment style developed in infancy only when infants had the short version of the serotonin transporter gene-five-HTTLPR. This gene-environment interaction only occurred when:

Caregivers of _____ babies tend to be unavailable or rejecting, unresponsive, and easily irritated.

Which of the following statements about caregivers of resistant babies is likely to be true?

Natalie is in the Strange Situation, and she clings anxiously to her caregiver. She does not explore the playroom. She would most likely be classified as:

A criticism of _____ theory is that it ignores the diversity of socializing agents and contexts that exist in an infant's world.

According to critics, the Strange Situation might not be able to capture important differences among infants because:

According to a recent meta-analysis, secure attachment in infancy was linked to:

Which of the following babies would appear disoriented in the Strange Situation conducted by Mary Ainsworth?

Caregivers of _____ babies often neglect or physically abuse them.

In an extensive longitudinal study by Sroufe and his colleagues, secure attachment was related to all of the following except:

Jerome Kagan and other developmentalists stress that _____ play(s) more important roles in a child's social competence than the attachment theorists, such as Bowlby and Ainsworth, are willing to acknowledge.

_____ can include connections between a wide range of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes, and also can involve social contexts such as families, peers, schools, and culture.