Question 1

Which of the following lists Freud's three levels of consciousness?

Accepted Answer

Freud's model of the human mind is divided into three levels of consciousness: the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. These terms describe the different realms of mental activity according to his psychoanalytic theory.

Question 2

Which of the following approaches is similar to Freud's in that it challenges the notion that the mind is a single 'entity' or process?

Accepted Answer

Freud's psychoanalytic theory posits that the mind is divided into several parts, including the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. The modular approach to psychology, which suggests that the mind is composed of distinct, specialized modules that operate semi-independently, aligns with Freud's view by challenging the idea of the mind as a singular, unified entity.

Question 3

A researcher who assumes that unconscious processes are not adversarial to the conscious mind but instead serve to support and supplement our normal conscious awareness, would most likely identify with the ___________ perspective of the unconscious.

Accepted Answer

The cognitive perspective views unconscious processes as supportive and supplementary to conscious awareness, unlike the Freudian or psychodynamic perspective which often views the unconscious as having more conflict with conscious thoughts.

Question 4

Barbara is very upset when she sees Peter. But at first, she doesn't know why she got upset. Later, when Peter is telling a joke at lunch, Barbara remembers how much he had embarrassed her telling crude jokes to her parents at an elegant restaurant. According to Freud's three levels of consciousness, the reason Barbara was upset with Peter had been in her _____________ mind until it moved to her ___________ mind.

Accepted Answer

The reason Barbara was upset with Peter was initially not in her active thoughts but was accessible upon remembering the specific event, indicating it was in her preconscious mind before moving to her conscious mind when she remembered the incident.

Question 5

According to the text, activities that are performed with little or no conscious effort are said to involve a(n) ____________ processing.

Accepted Answer

Activities performed with little or no conscious effort involve automatic processing. This type of processing allows tasks to be done without deliberate attention to every detail, unlike controlled processing which requires conscious effort.

Question 6

Cognitive psychologists view conscious and unconscious mental life as

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychologists consider conscious and unconscious mental life as complementary forms of information processing, where both play significant roles in how we think, make decisions, and process the world around us.

Question 7

While watching a basketball game on TV, something that happens during the game reminds Dante of a high school game that he played in almost 20 years ago. Since the memory was not in Dante's current awareness, yet he was easily able to remember it when the memory was triggered, Freud would have considered this memory as existing in the ___________ mind.

Accepted Answer

Freud's psychoanalytic theory posits that the preconscious mind contains thoughts and memories that are not currently in conscious awareness but can be easily accessed. Dante's ability to recall a high school game memory when triggered by a similar situation aligns with the concept of the preconscious mind.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an example of research that supports the notion that nonconscious processing can influence behaviour?

Accepted Answer

The rouge test is used to study self-recognition in children, not nonconscious processing influencing behavior. It involves marking a child's face with rouge and observing their reaction when they see their reflection, testing if they recognize themselves. This doesn't relate to nonconscious processing's impact on behavior like the other options do.

Question 9

Bargh and Chartand (1999) subliminally presented a group of college students with words that were either positive (e.g., friend, music, clown) or negative (e.g., cancer, worm, Monday). Their study found that

Accepted Answer

The study by Bargh and Chartand (1999) found that subliminally presented words influenced mood in a way that matched the valence of the words: negative words led to sadder moods, and positive words led to happier moods.

Question 10

Susan is currently studying for an exam in this course and she is thinking about and attempting to memorize Freud's three levels of consciousness. According to his levels, Susan's current thoughts would be categorized as occurring in the

Accepted Answer

Susan's current thoughts about studying and attempting to memorize Freud's three levels of consciousness are in her conscious mind, as this is the level of the mind that is aware of immediate surroundings and perceptions.

Question 11

Hannah was concentrating on studying for her psychology midterm exam. Sometimes during the evening she found herself feeling so anxious and troubled that her studying was interrupted, but she could not figure out what had happened to upset her so much. According to Freud, what was upsetting Hannah was in her ____________ mind.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, the unconscious mind is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that are outside of our conscious awareness. The unconscious mind influences our behavior and experiences, even though we are unaware of these underlying influences. In Hannah's case, her anxiety and trouble that interrupted her studying could be attributed to thoughts or feelings in her unconscious mind that she was not directly aware of.

Question 12

A psychodynamic therapist is working with Jeff, who is depressed. The therapist assumes that Jeff has specific sexual urges that are so anxiety-provoking and guilt-inducing that under normal circumstances, Jeff would not be able to bring these urges into his ordinary conscious awareness. According to Freud, these urges would be considered as existing in the ___________ mind.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, urges and thoughts that are too painful or unacceptable for the conscious mind to handle are repressed into the unconscious mind. This is where Freud believed such anxiety-provoking sexual urges would reside, influencing behavior and emotions without the individual's conscious awareness.

Question 13

The measures of consciousness that are considered to be objective are the __________________ measures.

Accepted Answer

Physiological and behavioural measures are considered objective because they can be directly observed and quantified by researchers, unlike self-reports which are subjective and can be influenced by personal biases or inaccuracies in self-perception.

Question 14

Research on the impact of unconscious processes on emotional responses has found that

Accepted Answer

Research in psychology has shown that unconscious processes can influence a wide range of emotional responses, including both positive and negative emotions. This is because our unconscious mind processes information without our conscious awareness, and this can affect our feelings and reactions in various ways.

Question 15

When a person is learning how to type, their behaviour usually involves a controlled processing, but someone who can type quickly, efficiently, and accurately is probably utilizingmore of a(n) ____________ processing.

Accepted Answer

Automatic processing is what allows skilled typists to type quickly and accurately without needing to consciously think about each keystroke. This type of processing is developed through practice and repetition, allowing the task to be performed with little to no conscious thought.

Question 16

According to a model of the mind, consciousness arises from the integrated activities of various information-processing subsystems or networks that are responsible for such tasks as memory, problem solving, and emotion. This is the ________ model of the mind.

Accepted Answer

The modular model of the mind posits that consciousness and cognitive functions arise from the integrated activities of distinct, specialized subsystems or modules within the brain, each responsible for different tasks such as memory, problem solving, and emotion.

Question 17

Looking at a map and deciding what route to take to a new destination would be considered an example of

Accepted Answer

Looking at a map and deciding what route to take to a new destination involves conscious thought, attention, and decision-making, which are characteristics of controlled processing. This type of processing is deliberate and requires effort, unlike automatic processing which occurs without conscious thought.

Question 18

A professional basketball player is able to shoot a basketball without really thinking about the particular muscle movements needed to do this. For this athlete, such an action would be said to involve

Accepted Answer

Automatic processing refers to the ability to perform tasks without conscious thought or attention, often as a result of learning and repetition. In this case, the basketball player has practiced shooting so much that it has become an automatic action.

Question 19

Which of the following is most representative of the cognitive perspective on the unconscious mind?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive perspective on the unconscious mind emphasizes that conscious and unconscious mental activities are complementary forms of processing information, focusing on how we process, store, and retrieve information and how this process affects our behavior.

Question 20

Automobile accident rates are three or four times higher when people talk on the telephone while driving. This statistic demonstrates

Accepted Answer

This statistic illustrates the limits of divided attention, which refers to the brain's capacity to attend to two or more tasks simultaneously. When driving and talking on the phone, the ability to fully focus on both tasks is compromised, leading to a higher rate of accidents.

Quiz 6: States of Consciousness