Question 1

What contains the raw counts and totals pertaining to all of the relevant Boolean relationships for the two categorical variables being analyzed?
A) raw data table
B) stacked-bar table
C) cross-tabulation table
D) expected frequencies table
E) distribution table

Accepted Answer

A cross-tabulation table contains the raw counts and totals of the categories in each of the two categorical variables being analyzed, and displays how the categories are related to each other. This table is commonly used in statistical analysis to explore the relationship between two variables.

Question 2

Which type of relationship is described by the formula: y = a + bx?
A) causal relationship
B) linear relationship
C) Boolean relationship
D) algebraic relationship
E) curvilinear relationship

Accepted Answer

The formula y = a + bx represents a linear relationship, where changes in x result in proportional changes in y.

Question 3

The chi-square test is useful for determining:
A) whether a significant relationship exists between two categorical variables.
B) whether a significant relationship exists between two metric variables.
C) whether a insignificant relationship exists between two metric variables.
D) whether an observed relationship exists between two categorical variables.
E) whether a significant relationship exists between two or more categorical variables.

Accepted Answer

The chi-square test is commonly used to determine whether there is a significant relationship between two categorical variables. It provides a p-value that indicates the probability of observing the observed relationship between the variables due to chance, allowing us to make an inference about the strength of the relationship.

Question 4

You do not have a relationship that links the labels or levels for two variables unless the relationship is:
A) causal and consistent.
B) consistent and systematic.
C) systematic and causal.
D) systematic and important.
E) consistent and important.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You do not have a relationship that...

Question 5

A Boolean relationship is one in which the presence of one variable's label is systematically related to the:
A) nonpresence of a regressive relationship.
B) presence of another variable's label.
C) presence or amount of the same variable.
D) covariance of the other variable.
E) presence of unobservable variables.

Accepted Answer

A Boolean relationship is a logical relationship where the presence of one variable's label is systematically related to the presence of another variable's label. Therefore, the correct option is B, which mentions the presence of another variable's label.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a number that can be found in each cross-classification table cell?
A) frequency
B) raw percentage
C) column percentage
D) overall percentage
E) row percentage

Accepted Answer

Overall percentage is calculated by dividing the total frequency of a particular category by the total sample size, and is therefore not applicable to each individual cell in a cross-classification table. The other answer choices (A, B, C, and E) are all possible numbers that can be found in each cell through various calculations.

Question 7

A Boolean relationship was uncovered showing that McDonald's customers drink coffee for breakfast and soft drinks at lunch. How might the results have been presented to McDonald's?
A) pie chart
B) stacked bar chart
C) bar chart
D) pie chart or stacked bar chart
E) pie chart or bar chart

Accepted Answer

A pie chart or stacked bar chart can effectively show the proportion of customers who drink coffee for breakfast and soft drinks at lunch, making it easier to visualize the Boolean relationship.

Question 8

When the calculated chi-square value exceeds the critical chi-square table value:
A) a significant relationship does not exist between the two variables under analysis.
B) there is a significant relationship between the three or more variables under analysis.
C) the degrees of freedom were not taken into account.
D) there is a positive directional relationship between the two variables under analysis.
E) there is a significant relationship between the two variables under analysis.

Accepted Answer

When the calculated chi-square value exceeds the critical chi-square table value, it means that there is a significant relationship between the two variables under analysis.

Question 9

A cross-tabulation table is sometimes referred to as a:
A) tabular table
B) display table
C) frequency table
D) cross-reference table
E) values table

Accepted Answer

A cross-tabulation table is a type of frequency table that displays the distribution of one variable in relation to another variable. It is used to summarize and analyze the relationship between two or more categorical variables. Therefore, option C, frequency table, is the best choice. Options A, B, D, and E are not accurate descriptions of a cross-tabulation table.

Question 10

In chi-square analysis, the greater the number of cells, the larger the degrees of freedom. The greater the number of cells, the more opportunity exists to calculate a large chi-square value. In other words, the chi-square value can be "inflated" not due to a real association but simply due to the fact that there are more cells in the analysis. This is why degrees of freedom are used to:
A) determine how many cells you should analyze.
B) determine whether or not the computed chi-square value should be used for a post hoc test.
C) determine whether or not the chi-square value has a probability high enough to support, or not support, the null hypothesis.
D) lower the chi-square value in terms of its level of importance.
E) calculate expected values.

Accepted Answer

Degrees of freedom are used to determine whether or not the chi-square value has a probability high enough to support, or not support, the null hypothesis. It helps in determining the level of confidence in the statistical significance of the chi-square value.

Question 11

A consistent and systematic linkage between the levels or labels for two variables is called a(n):
A) Boolean.
B) relationship.
C) practically significant.
D) important.
E) relevant.

Accepted Answer

A relationship refers to the consistent and systematic linkage between the levels or labels for two variables. Boolean refers to a binary logic system, while practically significant, important, and relevant are all terms that can describe the significance or importance of research findings but do not specifically relate to the linkage between variables.

Question 12

The statistical procedures that determine whether stable patterns exist between two or more variables is termed:
A) relationship analysis
B) predictive analysis
C) pattern analysis
D) analysis of variance
E) stabilization analysis

Accepted Answer

Relationship analysis is the statistical procedure used to determine if stable patterns exist between two or more variables.

Question 13

When the XL Data Analyst finds a significant cross-tabulation relationship, it will:
A) provide the column percents table or the row percents table; depending on the relationship.
B) prompt the user to see if they would like to request visual representation in the form of column or row tables. column percent or row percent tables.
C) prompt the user to see if they would like to request visual representation in the form of
D) provide a statement that the null hypothesis is supported.
E) provide the column percents table and the row percents table; these are valuable in revealing underlying relationships.

Accepted Answer

Providing both the column percents table and the row percents table will give a more complete picture of any underlying relationships revealed by the significant cross-tabulation.

Question 14

The intersection of a row and column in a cross-tabulation table is called a:
A) cross-tabulation cell.
B) Boolean box.
C) chi-square.
D) cross-cell interaction.
E) stacked box.

Accepted Answer

The intersection of a row and column in a cross-tabulation table is called a cross-tabulation cell.

Question 15

What is the name of the analysis that determines whether the two categorical variables in a cross-tabulation table have a significant relationship?
A) cross-tabulation testing
B) observed-expected testing
C) degrees of freedom analysis
D) chi-square analysis
E) covariation

Accepted Answer

The name of the analysis that determines whether the two categorical variables in a cross-tabulation table have a significant relationship is chi-square analysis. The test uses the observed frequencies and expected frequencies to calculate the chi-square statistic and the associated p-value, which determines if there is a significant relationship between the variables.

Question 16

When a scale has "labels" as opposed to "levels," we can normally assume the level of measurement is:
A) categorical
B) ratio
C) interval or ordinal
D) interval or ratio
E) metric

Accepted Answer

Labels are usually used for categorical variables, where there is no inherent numeric value associated with the variable. For example, the labels "male" and "female" are used to categorize individuals, but there is no inherent numeric value associated with these labels.

Question 17

In order to run a chi-square test using XL Data Analyst, the proper command sequence is:
A) "chi-square," select a column variable, select a row variable, and "OK"
B) "chi-square," select a column variable, select a row variable, enter degrees of freedom, and "OK"
C) "Relate," "Crosstabs," select a column variab
D) "Relate,""Crosstabs," select a column variable, select a row variable, and "OK"
E) "crosstabs," "chi-square," select two variables, and "OK"le, select a row variable, enter degrees of freedom, and "OK"

Accepted Answer

To run a chi-square test using XL Data Analyst, one should first navigate to the "Relate" menu and then select "Crosstabs." From there, the user can select the relevant column and row variables and then click "OK" to run the analysis. Choice D is the only option that correctly follows this sequence.

Question 18

A stacked bar chart provides a way of visualizing Boolean relationships and should be used only if:
A) the relationship is practically significant.
B) if the regression analysis proves statistical significance exists.
C) the relationship is statistically significant.
D) there are more than two categorical variables.
E) when the pie chart option is too cumbersome.

Accepted Answer

A stacked bar chart should only be used if the relationship between the categorical variables is statistically significant. This ensures that the visualization accurately represents the relationship between the variables and avoids misinterpretation.

Question 19

The logic of the chi-square test would argue that, for a significant relationship to exist:
A) there should be large differences between the observed and expected frequencies.
B) there should be small differences between the observed and expected frequencies.
C) there should be no differences between the observed and expected frequencies.
D) there should be strong similarities between the observed and expected frequencies.
E) there should be only one difference between the observed and expected frequencies.

Accepted Answer

The chi-square test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the observed frequencies and the expected frequencies. If there are large differences between the observed and expected frequencies, it is more likely that there is a significant relationship between the variables being tested. Small differences may be due to chance and not reflect a true relationship.

Question 20

What analytical technique assesses the statistical significance of Boolean relationships?
A) chi-square
B) linear regression
C) cross-tabulation analysis
D) degrees of freedom
E) covariation

Accepted Answer

The answer of What analytical technique assesses the statistical significance...

Quiz 13: Relationships Between Variables

What contains the raw counts and totals pertaining to all of the relevant Boolean relationships for the two categorical variables being analyzed?

Which type of relationship is described by the formula: y = a + bx?

The chi-square test is useful for determining:

You do not have a relationship that links the labels or levels for two variables unless the relationship is:

A Boolean relationship is one in which the presence of one variable's label is systematically related to the:

Which of the following is NOT a number that can be found in each cross-classification table cell?

A Boolean relationship was uncovered showing that McDonald's customers drink coffee for breakfast and soft drinks at lunch. How might the results have been presented to McDonald's?

When the calculated chi-square value exceeds the critical chi-square table value:

A cross-tabulation table is sometimes referred to as a:

A consistent and systematic linkage between the levels or labels for two variables is called a(n) :

The statistical procedures that determine whether stable patterns exist between two or more variables is termed:

When the XL Data Analyst finds a significant cross-tabulation relationship, it will:

The intersection of a row and column in a cross-tabulation table is called a:

What is the name of the analysis that determines whether the two categorical variables in a cross-tabulation table have a significant relationship?

When a scale has "labels" as opposed to "levels," we can normally assume the level of measurement is:

In order to run a chi-square test using XL Data Analyst, the proper command sequence is:

A stacked bar chart provides a way of visualizing Boolean relationships and should be used only if:

The logic of the chi-square test would argue that, for a significant relationship to exist:

What analytical technique assesses the statistical significance of Boolean relationships?