Question 1

A person's chance of developing heart disease is roughly doubled if the person has

Accepted Answer

Depression is a known risk factor for heart disease. It is associated with inflammation, unhealthy lifestyle choices, and increased likelihood of developing other risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes. The other options listed do not have a clear association with an increased risk of heart disease.

Question 2

Lola saw her family doctor last week because she had experienced a number of asthma attacks in the preceding month.Her family doctor told Lola that her asthma was a psychosomatic disease.Lola's doctor was telling her that

Accepted Answer

When Lola's doctor tells her that her asthma is a psychosomatic disease, she is indicating that while there may be an organic element to her asthma, psychological factors are also contributing to her symptoms. This means that Lola's asthma is not entirely self-induced (B) or purely a product of her imagination (C). While stress reduction may be a component of Lola's treatment, it is unlikely to be the sole solution to her symptoms (D).

Question 3

When compared to Type A people,Type B people tend to be more

Accepted Answer

Type B people are generally described as relaxed, easygoing, and friendly, in contrast to the hard-driving, ambitious, and competitive Type A personality. They tend to have lower stress levels and prioritize enjoying life over achievement and success.

Question 4

In the Featured Study investigating the link between depression and heart disease the results suggest that

Accepted Answer

The study suggests that the emotional dysfunction associated with depression may contribute to the development of heart disease, indicating a potential causal relationship.

Question 5

The Featured Study by Pennix and his colleagues showed that depression tripled the subjects' risk for cardiac death.This finding indicates that illness and levels of stress are

Accepted Answer

The finding of the Featured Study by Pennix and his colleagues shows that depression is positively correlated with the risk for cardiac death. This means that as the level of depression increases, the risk for cardiac death also increases, indicating a positive correlation between the two variables.

Question 6

Jim always comes to the office early,argues his position aggressively during meetings,and frequently feels frustrated when things don't go his way.Jim's behavior is typical of a person with a

Accepted Answer

Jim's behavior of consistently coming to the office early, being aggressive during meetings, and feeling frustrated when things don't go his way are all characteristic of a Type A personality. Individuals with a Type A personality tend to be highly competitive, driven, impatient, and often have a sense of urgency about everything they do. They tend to be high-achieving individuals, but can also be prone to stress, anxiety, and health problems if they do not effectively manage their behavior and work-life balance.

Question 7

Emily is an excellent student.She puts in long hours on her schoolwork and often gets the top mark in the class.However,she is always relaxed and seems fairly easy going.She does her schoolwork as it is assigned,and doesn't put herself under pressure by leaving things to the last minute.She is also always willing to take the time to patiently explain difficult material to other students in her classes.Emily would MOST likely be described as having

Accepted Answer

Emily's relaxed and easy going nature, as well as her willingness to patiently explain difficult material to other students, suggest that she does not exhibit the traits commonly associated with a Type A personality, such as competitiveness, impatience, and a tendency to be easily stressed. Instead, her approach to schoolwork and interactions with others suggests a more laid-back, generally low-stress personality, which is often described as Type B.

Question 8

__________ refers to successful adaptation to significant stress and trauma and a lack of serious negative outcomes.

Accepted Answer

Resilience refers to the ability to adapt successfully to significant stress and trauma and avoid serious negative outcomes. Repression refers to the unconscious blocking of unpleasant or unwanted memories, while approach capacity and autoimmunity are not related to this concept.

Question 9

Laboratory experiments with cardiology patients have shown that brief periods of mental stress

Accepted Answer

Laboratory experiments with cardiology patients show that brief periods of mental stress can trigger acute symptoms of heart disease, such as chest pain and arrhythmia.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about risk factors for atherosclerosis is LEAST accurate?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis is more prevalent in men than in women. The other statements are accurate.

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning the effects of stress is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

While stress is often seen as having negative effects, research has shown that both acute and chronic stress can have some positive effects, such as promoting personal growth, improving resilience and problem-solving skills, and enhancing social connections in some cases. This beneficial effect of stress is known as stress-related growth or post-traumatic growth. Therefore, option D is the most accurate statement among the given options.

Question 12

Research has demonstrated that brief periods of mental stress can trigger sudden symptoms of heart disease in approximately ____ of patients with stable heart disease.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that brief periods of mental stress can trigger sudden symptoms of heart disease in approximately 30-70% of patients with stable heart disease.

Question 13

Mickey is an impatient,highly competitive individual who is easily provoked into angry confrontations.He is suspicious and distrusting of most of the people he works with.Research suggests that Mickey's personality puts him at an increased risk for

Accepted Answer

Mickey's impatience, competitiveness, and quick temper put him at risk for developing high blood pressure and coronary heart disease. Studies have shown that individuals with Type A personalities, which share similar traits with Mickey, are more likely to develop cardiovascular problems.

Question 14

The principle cause of coronary heart disease is

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of cholesterol and fatty deposits (plaque) on the inner walls of arteries that can obstruct blood flow to the heart, leading to coronary heart disease. Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and burnout may increase the risk of coronary heart disease but are not the primary cause.

Question 15

The component of Type A personality associated with coronary heart disease appears to be

Accepted Answer

Hostility is the component of Type A personality that has been most consistently linked with coronary heart disease. The other components (indecisiveness, time urgency, and ambitiousness) have not been found to have a strong association with coronary heart disease.

Question 16

Which of the following is the MOST accurate conclusion one can draw about Type A behavior and the risk of coronary heart disease?

Accepted Answer

While early research suggested a strong connection between Type A behavior and coronary heart disease, more recent studies have found that the relationship is more modest and complex. Type A behavior may increase coronary risk only for some people, and other factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors play a role as well. Therefore, the most accurate conclusion is that the relationship between Type A behavior and the risk of coronary heart disease is more modest than originally thought. Option A is not accurate as the research only suggests a modest relationship and not a six times increase in risk. Option B is not accurate as recent research indicates that there is a connection between stress and coronary heart disease. Option C is not accurate as Type A behavior is associated with a higher risk of coronary heart disease, not resistance to it.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a common psychological problem that has been shown to be related to chronic stress?

Accepted Answer

Phobias are typically specific anxiety disorders that are not directly caused by chronic stress, whereas insomnia, poor academic performance, and sexual difficulties can be directly related to chronic stress.

Question 18

Christine is relatively relaxed,patient,easygoing,and amicable.Christine would be classified as having

Accepted Answer

The description of Christine being relaxed, patient, easygoing, and amicable aligns with the characteristics of a Type B personality. Type B individuals are known for being more laid back and less prone to stress and impatience compared to Type A individuals who tend to be highly competitive, driven, and time-oriented. An internal or external locus of control determines whether an individual believes they have control over their life or that external factors have more influence, respectively. However, this is not relevant to the personality traits described in the question.

Question 19

A person who is hard-driving,ambitious,competitive,and at risk for having a heart attack is said to have

Accepted Answer

The Type A personality is the correct choice because it describes someone who is hard-driving, ambitious, competitive, and at risk for having a heart attack due to their high levels of stress and impatience. Type B personality refers to someone who is more relaxed and easy-going. Internal and external personality are not relevant to this description.

Question 20

The term "psychosomatic disease" is used to refer to

Accepted Answer

Psychosomatic disease refers to genuine physical illness that is at least partly caused by psychological factors. This includes conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, tension headaches, and high blood pressure, which can be triggered or exacerbated by stress, anxiety, or other psychological factors.

Quiz 14: Stress,Coping,and Health