Question 1

If your physician says you need a treatment called a CPAP device,you are likely suffering from
A)maintenance insomnia.
B)narcolepsy.
C)sleep apnea.
D)terminal insomnia.

Accepted Answer

A CPAP device is a treatment for sleep apnea, a disorder where the individual's breathing is interrupted during sleep. The other options listed are not associated with the use of a CPAP device.

Question 2

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep throughout the night is known as
A)somnambulism.
B)cataplexy.
C)narcolepsy.
D)insomnia.

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is the sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep throughout the night. Somnambulism is sleepwalking, cataplexy is sudden loss of muscle tone, and narcolepsy is excessive daytime sleepiness.

Question 3

Vanya's legs bother him while he tries to sleep,and he feels the need to constantly move them into different positions.Sometimes it even causes him to wake up in the middle of the night.Vanya would be most likely to be diagnosed with
A)restless legs syndrome.
B)terminal insomnia.
C)REM behaviour disorder.
D)somnambulism.

Accepted Answer

Vanya's symptoms are consistent with restless legs syndrome, which causes discomfort and an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, especially at rest or during sleep. Terminal insomnia is characterized by waking up too early and not being able to go back to sleep, REM behavior disorder involves physical activity during REM sleep, and somnambulism (sleepwalking) typically involves getting out of bed and walking around while still asleep.

Question 4

Sleep displacement would occur in which scenario?
A)flying from Victoria BC to Moncton NB
B)flying from Toronto ON to Regina SK
C)flying from Halifax NS to Calgary AB
D)flying from St.John's NL to Montreal QC

Accepted Answer

Sleep displacement occurs when an individual's sleep schedule is disrupted due to traveling across time zones. Flying from Victoria, BC to Moncton, NB involves crossing multiple time zones eastward, which is likely to cause sleep displacement due to the significant change in local time upon arrival.

Question 5

When Omercan was a teenager,he began experiencing periods when he had a lot of trouble staying awake during the day,even though he was getting enough sleep each night.He would also experience sudden sleep "attacks"where he would collapse to the floor in the middle of an activity.Omercan suffered from
A)sleep apnea.
B)terminal insomnia.
C)narcolepsy.
D)REM behaviour disorder.

Accepted Answer

Omercan's symptoms are consistent with narcolepsy, which is a neurological disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden sleep attacks, and loss of muscle control (cataplexy). Sleep apnea involves interrupted breathing during sleep, terminal insomnia is difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep in the early morning hours, and REM behavior disorder involves acting out dreams during sleep.

Question 6

A diagnosis of insomnia is based primarily on which of the following?
A)number of hours of sleep on an average night
B)a polysomnogram recording
C)the degree to which a person feels rested during the day
D)an EEG recording

Accepted Answer

A diagnosis of insomnia is primarily based on the degree to which a person feels rested during the day. While sleep patterns and recordings can be useful in diagnosing specific sleep disorders, insomnia is primarily diagnosed based on subjective symptoms reported by the patient.

Question 7

When he was a young child,Javier would sometimes wake up in the middle of the night screaming.He wouldn't remember having a bad dream,but would remember experiencing raw panic.Javier was most likely experiencing
A)night terrors.
B)somnambulism.
C)REM behaviour disorder.
D)nightmares.

Accepted Answer

The fact that Javier wouldn't remember having a bad dream but would experience raw panic points towards night terrors, which are characterized by sudden bouts of intense fear and panic that occur during non-REM sleep. Somnambulism and REM behaviour disorder are also sleep disorders, but they do not specifically involve the experience of panic or fear. Nightmares, on the other hand, occur during REM sleep and often involve vivid and disturbing dreams that can be remembered upon waking.

Question 8

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which
A)a person suddenly falls asleep without warning during the day.
B)a person has difficulty remaining asleep.
C)a person periodically stops breathing during sleep.
D)a person experiences a persistent discomfort in their legs.

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which a person periodically stops breathing during sleep. This can lead to a decrease in oxygen levels and can result in symptoms such as snoring, gasping for air during sleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness.

Question 9

______________ occur during REM sleep,while __________________ occur during NREM sleep.
A)Night terrors;nightmares
B)Nightmares;night terrors
C)Dreams;nightmares
D)Nightmares;dreams

Accepted Answer

Nightmares occur during REM sleep, while night terrors occur during NREM sleep.

Question 10

_______________ is a sleep disorder involving excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden,unpredictable lapses into sleep.
A)Sleep apnea
B)Terminal insomnia
C)Narcolepsy
D)REM behaviour disorder

Accepted Answer

Excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden, unpredictable lapses into sleep are characteristic symptoms of narcolepsy, a sleep disorder that affects the brain's ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles. Sleep apnea involves breathing interruptions during sleep, terminal insomnia is difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep at the end of the night, and REM behaviour disorder involves physically acting out dreams during REM sleep.

Question 11

Narcolepsy involves
A)unpredictable daytime attacks of sleep.
B)brief interruptions in breathing during sleep.
C)acting out dreams.
D)the inability to get to sleep or maintain sleep.

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy involves unpredictable daytime attacks of sleep, which may cause a person to fall asleep suddenly and uncontrollably at inappropriate times, such as while driving or in the middle of a conversation. It is not characterized by brief interruptions in breathing during sleep (choice B), acting out dreams (choice C), or difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep (choice D).

Question 12

Which sleep disorder involves people literally acting out their dreams?
A)somnambulism
B)REM rebound
C)REM behaviour disorder
D)restless legs syndrome

Accepted Answer

REM behaviour disorder involves people physically acting out their dreams, often with violent or sudden movements. Somnambulism, or sleepwalking, involves walking or performing activities while asleep. REM rebound refers to an increase in the amount of time spent in REM sleep after a period of sleep deprivation. Restless legs syndrome is characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs that typically occur at night and can interfere with sleep.

Question 13

Octavia's muscle movements are not inhibited when she is dreaming.As a result,she literally acts out her dreams,sometimes injuring herself in the process.Octavia appears to suffer from
A)restless legs syndrome.
B)somnambulism.
C)narcolepsy.
D)REM behaviour disorder.

Accepted Answer

Octavia's muscle movements being uninhibited during dreaming and acting out her dreams, which can cause injury, are symptoms of REM behavior disorder. Restless legs syndrome involves uncomfortable sensations in the legs that lead to an urge to move them, somnambulism refers to sleepwalking, and narcolepsy is a disorder involving excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep.

Question 14

__________ involve(s)wandering during NREM sleep.
A)Night terrors
B)Somnambulism
C)REM behaviour disorder
D)Restless legs syndrome

Accepted Answer

Somnambulism, also known as sleepwalking, involves wandering during NREM sleep. Night terrors and REM behavior disorder also occur during sleep, but do not involve wandering. Restless legs syndrome involves unpleasant sensations in the legs while awake, not during sleep.

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about sleepwalking?
A)Waking a sleepwalker can cause severe psychological distress in the sleeping individual.
B)Sleepwalking is a sign of an underlying emotional disturbance.
C)Sleepwalking involves acting out dreams.
D)Sleepwalking is more prevalent in childhood.

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking is more prevalent in childhood and tends to decrease as individuals age. A and B are not true as waking a sleepwalker does not cause severe psychological distress and sleepwalking is not necessarily a sign of an underlying emotional disturbance. C is partially true as some sleepwalking episodes may involve acting out dreams, but not all sleepwalkers experience this.

Question 16

___________________ is a disorder in which breathing briefly stops during sleep,causing the person to gasp for air.
A)Sleep apnea
B)Insomnia
C)Narcolepsy
D)Non-REM sleep

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which breathing briefly stops during sleep, causing the person to gasp for air. Insomnia is a disorder characterized by difficulty falling or staying asleep. Narcolepsy is a disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks. Non-REM sleep is a stage of sleep that occurs in cycles throughout the night, characterized by slower brainwaves and deep relaxation.

Question 17

If you have been waking up too early for several weeks,you are probably suffering from _________ insomnia.
A)terminal
B)onset
C)maintenance
D)reverse

Accepted Answer

Terminal insomnia, also known as late insomnia, is characterized by waking up too early in the morning and not being able to fall back asleep, which matches the scenario described.

Question 18

REM behaviour disorder results from
A)the body not inhibiting movement during NREM sleep.
B)an imbalance in orexin.
C)the body not inhibiting movement during REM sleep.
D)deterioration of the medial hypothalamus.

Accepted Answer

REM behaviour disorder occurs when the body fails to inhibit movement during REM sleep, which is normally characterized by paralysis of the body's voluntary muscles. This can cause the person to physically act out their dreams during sleep.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about nightmares and night terrors?
A)They are interchangeable names for the same phenomenon.
B)Night terrors reflect an individual's phobia,whereas nightmares involve fictional content such as monsters.
C)Nightmares are a type of dream,whereas night terrors are not.
D)Nightmares reflect an individual's phobia,whereas night terrors involve fictional content such as monsters.

Accepted Answer

Nightmares are a type of dream that often occur during the REM (rapid eye movement) stage of sleep, whereas night terrors are not technically considered dreams and occur during a different stage of sleep. Option A is incorrect because nightmares and night terrors are not interchangeable terms. Option B and D are both incorrect because neither nightmares nor night terrors necessarily reflect an individual's phobia, and both can involve real or fictional content.

Question 20

_______ is a disorder that may require the use of a machine to force air gently into the nasal passages.
A)Sleep apnea
B)Terminal insomnia
C)Narcolepsy
D)Orexin-deficiency

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. It can be treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machines, which force air gently into the nasal passages to keep them open. Terminal insomnia refers to difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep during the final hours of the night, and is not typically treated with a machine. Narcolepsy and orexin-deficiency are neurological disorders that affect sleep/wake regulation, and may be treated with medication rather than a machine.

Quiz 5: C: Consciousness

If your physician says you need a treatment called a CPAP device,you are likely suffering from

A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep throughout the night is known as

Vanya's legs bother him while he tries to sleep,and he feels the need to constantly move them into different positions.Sometimes it even causes him to wake up in the middle of the night.Vanya would be most likely to be diagnosed with

Sleep displacement would occur in which scenario?

A diagnosis of insomnia is based primarily on which of the following?

When he was a young child,Javier would sometimes wake up in the middle of the night screaming.He wouldn't remember having a bad dream,but would remember experiencing raw panic.Javier was most likely experiencing

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which

occur during REM sleep,while ____ occur during NREM sleep.

_______________ is a sleep disorder involving excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden,unpredictable lapses into sleep.

Narcolepsy involves

Which sleep disorder involves people literally acting out their dreams?

Octavia's muscle movements are not inhibited when she is dreaming.As a result,she literally acts out her dreams,sometimes injuring herself in the process.Octavia appears to suffer from

__________ involve(s) wandering during NREM sleep.

Which of the following is TRUE about sleepwalking?

___________________ is a disorder in which breathing briefly stops during sleep,causing the person to gasp for air.

If you have been waking up too early for several weeks,you are probably suffering from _________ insomnia.

REM behaviour disorder results from

Which of the following is true about nightmares and night terrors?

_______ is a disorder that may require the use of a machine to force air gently into the nasal passages.