Question 1

In discussing the lives of school age children, Elkind 2003) expressed concern regarding all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Elkind expressed concern about the over-scheduling of children's lives and the need for a balanced childhood with school, homework, and play. He did not express concern about the under-scheduling of children's lives.

Question 2

The process of sharing social power during middle childhood is an important aspect of socialization that parents must develop. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

Parent-child co-regulation is the process of sharing social power during middle childhood where parents and children work together to control behaviors and emotions. It involves the child taking on more responsibility and autonomy, while the parent remains involved in providing guidance and support. This is an essential aspect of socialization as it prepares the child for independence and functioning within a social context.

Question 3

Parents play a key role in their child's development of social skills. School-age children of authoritarian parents tend to be:

Accepted Answer

Authoritarian parents are often strict and demanding, which can lead to children being less socially adept. These children may struggle with making friends, communicating effectively, and asserting themselves in social situations.

Question 4

The school age children of parents who use which of the following parenting patterns are NOT likely to have social problems?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative parenting involves setting clear rules and limits while also being responsive to the child's needs and feelings. This style of parenting fosters independence, self-esteem, and social competence in children. Therefore, school age children of authoritative parents are less likely to have social problems compared to children of authoritarian, permissive, or uninvolved parents.

Question 5

School-age children of authoritative parents tend to be:

Accepted Answer

School-age children of authoritative parents tend to be thoughtful and responsible. This is because authoritative parents provide a balance of clear boundaries and expectations along with warmth and support, which allows children to develop self-control, self-esteem, and a sense of responsibility. They are not at risk for behavior problems in school, lacking in impulse control, or more aggressive, which are more commonly seen in children with authoritarian or permissive parents.

Question 6

According to Erikson, during the school age years, as children attempt to master the skills valued in their particular cultures, they experience a psychosocial crisis of:

Accepted Answer

During the school age years, children experience the psychosocial crisis of industry versus inferiority, according to Erikson's theory. They attempt to master skills valued in their culture, such as reading, writing, and mathematical abilities, and feel a sense of competence and accomplishment when they do so. If they do not succeed in these endeavors, they may feel a sense of inferiority and low self-esteem.

Question 7

Which one of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of children who are liked and accepted by their peers in comparison to less popular children?

Accepted Answer

The other three choices are all characteristics that are associated with children who are liked and accepted by their peers, whereas being more aggressive is associated with less popularity.

Question 8

School age children from _____________ families are less likely to have behavior problems, including being bullies.

Accepted Answer

According to research, children from authoritative families (where there is structure and rules but also warmth, support, and open communication) are less likely to have behavior problems, including being bullies. Authoritarian families may be too strict and punitive, indifferent families may lack involvement and warmth, and indulgent families may lack structure and discipline.

Question 9

Children are assisted in their quest for competence when their parents:

Accepted Answer

All of the above options (encouraging children to try new things, providing materials and instruction, and paying attention to progress) are important ways that parents can assist children in their quest for competence. By encouraging exploration and learning, providing resources and support, and recognizing and celebrating progress, parents can help children feel confident and capable in a variety of domains.

Question 10

The ways in which parents assist their children in resolving the industry versus inferiority crisis in a positive manner is by:

Accepted Answer

Providing experiences that promote the development of their children's skills and competencies is the best option as it allows children to develop their own sense of competence and achievement, instead of relying solely on parental guidance or instruction. It also helps children to effectively resolve the industry versus inferiority crisis, as they are able to see their own progress and success in acquiring new skills and abilities. Allowing children to acquire competencies without parental assistance can also be beneficial, but it may not be enough for some children who need guidance and encouragement. Closely monitoring children can lead to a lack of autonomy and independence, which may hinder their ability to resolve the crisis, and providing detailed instructions of what to do can negate the sense of accomplishment gained from completing tasks independently.

Question 11

Which of the following describes school-age children of authoritarian parents?

Accepted Answer

Children of authoritarian parents are more at risk for behavior problems because they may feel a lack of autonomy and have difficulty developing their own sense of self. The strict rules and punishment-based discipline of authoritarian parents can lead to defiance, rebellion, and other behavioral issues.

Question 12

Children's involvement in sports has been shown to be related to _____________.

Accepted Answer

Children's involvement in sports has been linked to elevated self-esteem and confidence.

Question 13

For school age children, unstructured play allows them to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Unstructured play allows school age children to follow their interests and express their personalities. This type of play encourages creativity, imagination, problem-solving skills, and socialization, all of which are important for healthy development. While structured activities may be beneficial in certain areas, unstructured play is critical for overall growth and development.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommended ways for parents to help school age children in selecting activities?

Accepted Answer

Assessing the child's probability of being a leader in the activity is not one of the recommended ways for parents to help school age children in selecting activities. The other three options - examining alternatives carefully, considering the time commitment and competitive aspects, and considering the characteristics of participating adults and children - are all recommended ways for parents to assist their children in selecting activities.

Question 15

School-age children of permissive parents tend to be:

Accepted Answer

Children of permissive parents often lack discipline and are used to getting their way, which can result in immature behavior. While they may be positive with family members, they may struggle with social skills and boundaries outside of the family context.

Question 16

The encouragement of children's participation in decision-making by ___________ parents provides children the experience needed to engage in thoughtful and responsible behaviors when interacting with their peers.

Accepted Answer

Authoritative parents encourage their children's participation in decision-making while also providing guidance and limits. This helps children develop skills in thoughtful and responsible decision-making that can be applied to peer interactions. Authoritarian parents are strict and do not typically allow for much input or decision-making from children, while permissive and indulgent parents often prioritize the child's desires over guidance and limits, which may not encourage responsible behaviors.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true regarding peer relationships during middle childhood?

Accepted Answer

During middle childhood, peer relationships become increasingly important as children spend more time interacting with peers outside of their family. This is a time when children begin to form strong connections with their peers and develop a sense of belonging within their peer group. Choices B and C are not true. Conformity to peers actually increases during this time, as children begin to value peer acceptance and conformity to group norms. Acceptance into the peer group is also a paramount interest for children during middle childhood, as they strive to fit in with their peers and be accepted by their social circle.

Question 18

School age bullies are at greater risk of:

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that school age bullies are more likely to become involved in delinquency, crime, and substance abuse as teenagers. While they may also experience anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal, these are not necessarily the greatest risks faced by school age bullies. Becoming victims of adult bullies is not a common outcome for school age bullies.

Question 19

Which of the following describes parenting behaviors when families live in communities where there are frequent incidents of crime?

Accepted Answer

When families live in communities where there are frequent incidents of crime, parental social support is often strained and lessened. Parents may be more overprotective and restrictive towards their children, which can lead to higher levels of stress and conflict within the family. This can also lead to higher levels of physical punishment as parents may feel the need to be more strict in order to protect their children from potential dangers.

Question 20

According to Erikson, based on their level of success in mastering the skills valued by their parents and other significant adults, school age children judge themselves as:

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, school-age children (ages 6-12 years) are in the stage of industry vs. inferiority. During this stage, children begin to compare themselves to others and judge their own competence in mastering the skills valued by parents and other significant adults. Children who feel successful in their endeavors develop a sense of competence, while those who feel unsuccessful develop a sense of inferiority. Therefore, the best choice is A: Competent or incompetent.

Quiz 7: Parents and Their School Age Children