Question 1

In psychodynamic theory, the process by which libidinal energy is expressed through different erogenous zones at different stages of development is known as ______ development.

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question is specifically related to the psychosexual development theory proposed by Sigmund Freud. According to this theory, individuals progress through five stages of development, with each stage associated with a different erogenous zone and a different conflict that must be resolved in order to develop into a psychologically healthy adult. Therefore, the correct answer is D) psychosexual.

Question 2

Freud believed that as children develop, libidinal energy is expressed through sexual feelings in different parts of the body called ______.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that libidinal energy is expressed through sexual feelings in different parts of the body called erogenous zones.

Question 3

Jack is dependent, gullible, and overly optimistic. He is ______, according to Freud.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual stages, the oral stage occurs from birth to 18 months and centers around the mouth. One of the potential outcomes of this stage is oral fixation, in which an individual becomes overly dependent, gullible, and optimistic. Therefore, based on the traits described, Jack appears to be orally fixated.

Question 4

Barbara has a pattern of being very clingy and overly dependent in her friendship and romantic relationships. Freud would argue that she is fixated in the ______ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual theory of development, the oral stage occurs from birth to 18 months and is marked by the primary focus on oral pleasure through activities such as sucking and biting. Fixation in this stage can result in an individual becoming overly dependent and clingy as seen in Barbara's pattern of behavior.

Question 5

According to Freud, children enter the ______ stage of development during the second year of life.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, children enter the anal stage during the second year of life, which focuses on bowel and bladder elimination, coping with demands for control.

Question 6

In psychodynamic theory, arrested development, or attachment to objects of a certain stage when one's development should have advanced so that one is attached to objects of a more advanced stage is called ______.

Accepted Answer

In psychodynamic theory, arrested development, or attachment to objects of a certain stage when one's development should have advanced so that one is attached to objects of a more advanced stage is called fixation.

Question 7

Freud theorized ______ stages of psychological development.

Accepted Answer

Freud theorized five stages of psychological development: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

Question 8

Freud aroused controversy in his day by arguing for the importance of ______ motivation, even among children.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that sexual desires and impulses were a primary motivating force in human behavior, even among children. This view was controversial in his time and continues to be debated today.

Question 9

Which of the following would be described by Freud as an "oral" trait?

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, the first stage is the oral stage, which occurs from birth to 12 months. During this stage, the primary source of pleasure and satisfaction is through the mouth, such as nursing and sucking. Therefore, an "oral" trait would be related to dependency, or a fixation on oral activities as a way to obtain pleasure or alleviate anxiety. Carelessness, perfectionism, and cleanliness are not necessarily related to the oral stage of development.

Question 10

Freud argued that ______ are a central factor in children's development.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, sexual impulses are a central factor in children's development. He believed that children experience biological drives, starting with the oral stage, and that the way these drives are managed by parents and caregivers shapes the development of the child's personality.

Question 11

A hostile man channels his anger into practicing his tennis game until he becomes a tennis star. This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes the defense mechanism of sublimation, where an individual redirects their unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable behaviors. In this case, the man is redirecting his anger into something productive and beneficial, becoming a successful tennis player.

Question 12

Freud believed that children encounter conflict _______stage of development.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual theory, children encounter conflicts during each stage of development as they encounter new challenges in their social and sexual development. These stages include the oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital stages. Each stage is marked by specific conflicts that the child must confront in order to progress to the next stage. Therefore, D is the best choice.

Question 13

A sexually frustrated musician puts all her energy into writing beautiful musical pieces. This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

Sublimation is the process of channeling strong or unacceptable impulses or emotions into a socially acceptable activity or behavior. In this case, the musician is using her sexual frustration as motivation to create beautiful music, which is a socially acceptable outlet for her emotions.

Question 14

For Freud, the term for the instinct to preserve and perpetuate life is ______.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, eros represents the life instinct, which drives behaviors that preserve and perpetuate life. The term libido also refers to this life instinct, but it is more commonly associated with sexual energy. Thanatos, on the other hand, represents the death instinct, which drives behaviors that lead to destruction and death. Animus is a term from Jungian psychology and refers to the masculine aspect of the psyche.

Question 15

Amy smokes, drinks, overeats, and bites her nails. Freud would probably diagnose her as being fixated in the ______ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's psychosexual theory of development, the oral stage occurs from birth to 18 months and is characterized by a focus on oral stimulation through activities such as sucking, chewing, and biting. If an individual does not successfully navigate this stage, they may become fixated and exhibit oral behaviors in adulthood such as overeating, smoking, or nail-biting. Therefore, Amy's behaviors suggest that she may be fixated in the oral stage.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct order of Freud's stages of development?

Accepted Answer

Freud's stages of development are: oral (0-18 months), anal (18 months-3 years), phallic (3-6 years), latency (6-puberty), and genital (puberty-adulthood). Option D is the correct order of Freud's stages of development.

Question 17

According to Freud, eros contains energy that is psychological in nature and involves sexual impulses. He called this psychic energy ______.

Accepted Answer

Freud used the term "libido" to refer to the psychic energy involved in sexual impulses and desires.

Question 18

According to Freud, during the first year of life, infants experience the ______ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, the first stage is the oral stage, which occurs from birth to around 18 months of age. During this stage, pleasure is focused on the mouth and the primary task is to develop a sense of trust and security through the feeding relationship with the caregiver.

Question 19

Freud saw human maturation as a process of ______ development.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that human maturation occurred through a series of psychosexual stages, beginning in infancy and ending in adulthood. Each stage was characterized by a focus on a particular erogenous zone and a specific developmental task that needed to be resolved before the individual could move on to the next stage.

Question 20

According to Freud, inadequate or excessive gratification at any stage of development can lead to ______.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, inadequate or excessive gratification at any stage can lead to fixation, where an individual becomes stuck at that particular stage of development and may exhibit behaviors associated with that stage throughout their life.

Quiz 2: Personality: What It Is, How Its Measured