Question 1

An effective way to break the cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are

Accepted Answer

Explaining stressful events in specific and temporary terms allows individuals to see the situation as a temporary challenge that they can overcome. This can break the cycle of hopelessness and helplessness that often accompanies depression. On the other hand, explaining events in global and stable terms can lead to a sense of permanence and helplessness, perpetuating the cycle of depression.

Question 2

Several times in the past two months,Petra has experienced a racing heart,intense fear that something horrible is about to happen,and an inability to breathe.Petra most likely suffers from

Accepted Answer

Petra experiences symptoms commonly associated with panic attacks, including racing heart, intense fear, and difficulty breathing. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias may also involve anxiety, but not necessarily the sudden and overwhelming symptoms of a panic attack. Agoraphobia is a specific phobia related to a fear of being in situations where escape may be difficult, but it does not necessarily involve the same symptoms as a panic attack.

Question 3

Daniel spends each morning counting every book in his personal library,as well as every kitchen utensil and dish before he will leave for work.He repeats the process when he comes home.He recognizes that this is irrational,but he comes extremely agitated when he tries to stop.Daniel behaviors are most symptomatic of

Accepted Answer

Daniel's behavior is characterized by irrational thoughts (counting every book and kitchen utensil and dish) and compulsive actions (repeating the process before leaving for work and when he comes home). This is a hallmark symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 4

________ is an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person engages in binge eating and then purges the excessive food consumption by self-induced vomiting or by the misuse of laxatives or enemas.

Accepted Answer

The given description matches the symptoms of bulimia nervosa, which involves binge eating followed by purging through vomiting or misuse of laxatives/enemas. Borderline personality disorder is a mental health condition that involves unstable moods, behavior, and relationships. Anorexia nervosa involves restriction of food intake and results in being significantly underweight. Binge eating disorder involves recurrent episodes of binge eating, but without any compensatory behaviors like purging.

Question 5

A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as

Accepted Answer

The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) is the current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders and is widely used by mental health professionals. It provides a standardized method for diagnosing and categorizing mental disorders. Epigenetics, the medical model, and the biopsychosocial approach are all related to the study and understanding of mental disorders, but they are not specific classification schemes.

Question 6

Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese even though she is underweight.She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories.Lindsey most clearly demonstrates symptoms of

Accepted Answer

Lindsey's fear of becoming obese, excessive checking for signs of fat, and refusal to eat most foods indicate symptoms of anorexia nervosa.

Question 7

Although questions remain concerning the cause(s)of depression,we do know that

Accepted Answer

Research consistently shows that women are nearly twice as likely as men to experience major depressive disorder.

Question 8

At one time,disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums.These were replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders.This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of

Accepted Answer

The medical model, which views psychological disorders as illnesses that can be diagnosed and treated, led to the replacement of asylums with psychiatric hospitals where patients could receive treatment and care.

Question 9

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake.Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child.The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's suggestion that Andrea's fear of lakes is a result of a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child aligns with a learning perspective, which suggests that fear and anxiety can be learned through past experiences and conditioning. This perspective focuses on how behavior is shaped by environmental factors rather than internal factors such as genetics or past trauma (as in the psychoanalytic and biological perspectives). Epigenetics is the study of how gene expression can be influenced by environmental factors, but it is not directly relevant to Andrea's specific fear of lakes.

Question 10

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with

Accepted Answer

An overabundance of norepinephrine is associated with a manic episode, characterized by excessive euphoria, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that plays a role in the body's fight or flight response, and high levels are associated with increased arousal and excitability.

Question 11

Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children,Mr.Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job.Mr.Puskari is most clearly showing signs of

Accepted Answer

Mr.Puskari is displaying classic symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which includes flashbacks, nightmares, and difficulty functioning in daily life. Obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder involve different symptoms and do not fit this scenario. Survivor resiliency is not a recognized mental health diagnosis.

Question 12

Elaine feels that her life is empty,has lost all interest in her career and hobbies,and wonders if she would be better off dead.She is most likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

Elaine's symptoms are consistent with major depressive disorder, which is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest in activities that were previously enjoyed, as well as suicidal thoughts or tendencies. Bipolar disorder and mania involve periods of extreme highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression), while disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is typically diagnosed in children and involves frequent outbursts of temper.

Question 13

Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension,sleeplessness,and an inability to concentrate.Lenore most likely suffers from

Accepted Answer

Lenore's symptoms of muscle tension, sleeplessness, and inability to concentrate are characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). GAD is characterized by persistent and excessive worry about a broad range of topics or events, accompanied by physical symptoms such as muscle tension, restlessness, and difficulty sleeping. It is not a specific phobia or related to agoraphobia or obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 14

Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Social withdrawal is a negative symptom of schizophrenia, which involves a decrease or absence of normal functioning, rather than the presence of abnormal thoughts or behaviors as seen in hallucinations and delusions. Inappropriate rage is not a symptom commonly associated with schizophrenia.

Question 15

Chronic,low-grade depressed feelings are to ________ disorder as extreme,recurring mood swings are to ________ disorder.

Accepted Answer

Chronic, low-grade depressed feelings describe persistent depressive disorder, while extreme, recurring mood swings are characteristic of bipolar disorder.

Question 16

Which of the following was eliminated from the list of disorders in 1973?

Accepted Answer

Homosexuality was removed from the list of disorders in 1973 by the American Psychiatric Association, recognizing it as a normal variation of human sexuality rather than a mental disorder.

Question 17

Last week,Becky read that labels can bias perceptions,so she does not support placing diagnostic labels on psychological problems.If you were trying to convince her that these types of labels do have benefits,you might tell her that mental health professionals use labels to

Accepted Answer

Mental health professionals use labels to communicate about their clients, comprehend the underlying causes of psychological problems, and choose the most effective course of treatment. Therefore, all of these are benefits of diagnostic labels.

Question 18

Catatonia is characterized by

Accepted Answer

Catatonia is a condition characterized by periods of immobility or rigidity followed by sudden bursts of agitation or movement. This can include rigid posture, unresponsiveness, and lack of facial expression, as well as purposeless and/or repetitive movement. Symptoms may also involve other motor disturbances, such as echolalia, echopraxia, and extreme resistance to passive movements. Catatonia can occur in a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders.

Question 19

Mr.James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings.Mr.James is most clearly suffering from

Accepted Answer

Mr. James is experiencing false beliefs that are not grounded in reality, which is characteristic of delusions.

Question 20

Immigrants to the United States from Mexico average ________ mental health than Mexican-Americans born in the United States.Immigrants to the United States from Asia average ________ mental health than Asian-Americans born in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Immigrants to the United States from Mexico and Asia often exhibit the "immigrant paradox," where despite facing socioeconomic disadvantages, they have better mental health outcomes compared to their U.S.-born counterparts. This phenomenon is attributed to factors such as strong family ties, community support, and cultural resilience.

Quiz 16: Psychological Disorders