Question 1

In India,women were traditionally permitted to occupy only the roles of mother,wife,agricultural laborer,or domestic worker.A social psychologist would likely assert that which of these is an example of a cost of social roles?

Accepted Answer

Social roles can sometimes place limitations on individual behaviors and opportunities, which can be seen as a cost. In this case, women in India were prevented from pursuing a range of roles and careers beyond the limited options that were traditionally available to them.

Question 2

"We will not talk about other members behind their backs and we will never divulge one another's secrets to anyone,inside or outside this group." The preceding statement reflects

Accepted Answer

The statement reflects a group norm, which is an informal rule that guides the behavior of group members. In this case, the group norm is to refrain from talking about other members behind their backs and to keep each other's secrets confidential.

Question 3

One advantage of social roles is that they make individuals' rights and responsibilities clear for group members.One disadvantage of such roles,however,is that they

Accepted Answer

E

Question 4

In the Stanford Prison Study conducted by Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues (1973),guards became increasingly sadistic and prisoners became increasingly submissive and withdrawn,all in under a week.Results of this (aborted)study suggest that

Accepted Answer

The results of the Stanford Prison Study suggest that social roles can take on a power all their own, as guards in the study rapidly became sadistic and prisoners became submissive and withdrawn in a matter of days. This suggests that the social context can have a profound impact on human behavior, overriding individual personalities and values.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning the function of group membership?

Accepted Answer

The statement that groups improve task performance and productivity is actually true, not false. Groups can provide collaborative problem-solving and diverse perspectives that lead to better decision making and more efficient completion of tasks.

Question 6

According to the authors of your text book,one cost of roles is that individuals can lose their personal identities as individuals.A second cost is that

Accepted Answer

The text book states that a cost of roles is that expectations can constrain behaviours unnecessarily. This means that individuals may feel obligated to act a certain way based on their assigned role and may not be able to fully express their personal identity.

Question 7

Sometimes when professors ask students to break up into small groups to discuss an issue,answer a question,or solve a problem,students roll their eyes and complain that it's the professor's job to teach them.This resistance to cooperative learning activities is probably a result of

Accepted Answer

Students may have a traditional view of the "professor" role as solely responsible for teaching them and may resist the idea of cooperative learning activities. This is not necessarily indicative of psychological reactance, social loafing pressures, deindividuation processes, or social facilitation.

Question 8

Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary (1995)argue that the need to belong to groups is present in all societies because

Accepted Answer

Baumeister and Leary argue that the need to belong to groups is present in all societies because group membership has conferred evolutionary advantages to humans. This suggests that the instinct to belong to groups has been ingrained in humans over time as a result of natural selection, as being a part of a group has potentially increased the chances of survival and reproduction.

Question 9

In groups,interdependence is reflected in

Accepted Answer

The answer of In groups,interdependence is reflected in
...

Question 10

Whereas _______ specify how all group members should behave,_______ specify how individuals in particular positions should behave.

Accepted Answer

Roles specify the general expectations for all group members, while norms specify the specific behaviors expected of individuals in certain positions within the group. Therefore, the best choice is E, which correctly identifies roles and norms as the two types of expectations but distinguishes between them correctly.

Question 11

_______ exists when two or more people are interdependent and need to rely on one another to achieve their needs or goals.

Accepted Answer

A group exists when individuals are interdependent and rely on each other to achieve their needs or goals. The other options are not necessarily related to interdependence or relying on others.

Question 12

When social psychologists define a group as a collection of interdependent people,they mean that

Accepted Answer

The definition of a group as a collection of interdependent people implies that the members' needs and goals cause them to influence one another. This interdependence is a key factor in understanding group dynamics and the ways in which individuals within a group interact and affect one another.

Question 13

According to research on children's conceptions of gender-roles described in your text,

Accepted Answer

Boys seem to be aware of the constraints put on girls by gender-roles.

Question 14

How do norms differ from roles? Norms _______,whereas roles _______.

Accepted Answer

Norms are guidelines or rules that apply to all members of a group, dictating appropriate behavior regardless of each member's specific role. Roles, on the other hand, are sets of behaviors expected from individuals in specific positions within the group, thus applying to specific group members based on their roles.

Question 15

Shared group expectations about how particular group members are expected to behave are called

Accepted Answer

The answer of Shared group expectations about how particular group...

Question 16

Families,church or synagogue congregations,student organizations,and sports teams can be conceived of as groups because

Accepted Answer

The answer of Families,church or synagogue congregations,student organizations,and sports teams...

Question 17

Which of the following is the important lesson to be learned from Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment in which university students played the roles of guards and prisoners.

Accepted Answer

The important lesson to be learned from Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment is that when individuals are placed in certain roles, the behaviors associated with those roles can overwhelm their personal identity and sense of decency. This was demonstrated by the guards in the experiment, who became increasingly abusive towards the prisoners as they became more invested in their roles. This suggests that situational variables can have a powerful impact on behavior, even in individuals who are not predisposed to violent or authoritarian behavior.

Question 18

Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues established a mock prison in the basement of the psychology building at Stanford University.How did they decide which participants would assume the role of "prisoner" and which would assume the role of "guard"?

Accepted Answer

The participants were assigned to their roles at random, with the flip of a coin determining whether they would be a guard or a prisoner. It was important to randomly assign participants to roles in order to eliminate any potential biases or preexisting tendencies that could affect the outcome of the experiment.

Question 19

Josh is the president of his college residence hall and he is therefore expected to act in a respectable,dignified manner when he attends campus functions.What social psychological phenomenon does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates the social psychological phenomenon of a social role, as Josh's position as the president of his college residence hall comes with certain expectations for his behavior in public.

Question 20

The term for group qualities that promote liking between members and bind members together is

Accepted Answer

The term for group qualities that promote liking between members and bind members together is group cohesiveness.

Quiz 8: Group Processes