Question 1

Based on sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies' perspective,most people in______________societies are "strangers" who perceive that they have very little in common with most people.Consequently,self­ interest dominates and little consensus exists regarding values.

Accepted Answer

Tönnies' theory distinguishes between Gemeinschaft (community-based) and Gesellschaft (society-based) societies. In Gemeinschaft societies, people have close relationships and share common values, while in Gesellschaft societies, people are strangers to each other and are motivated by self-interest. Therefore, the answer is choice C, which fits the description of a Gesellschaft society.

Question 2

In______________societies,there is a corresponding rise of a consumer society and the emergence of a global village in which people around the world communicate with one another by electronic technologies,such as television,telephone,fax,e-mail,and the Internet.

Accepted Answer

The rise of a consumer society and global communication through electronic technologies are characteristic of postindustrial societies, which are based on knowledge and service industries rather than manufacturing. Horticultural and pastoral societies rely on subsistence farming and have limited technology, industrial societies prioritize manufacturing and technology but may not have a significant consumer culture or global communication, and agrarian societies are based on large-scale agriculture and traditional methods of production.

Question 3

The Gesellschaft refers to:

Accepted Answer

The Gesellschaft refers to a large, urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term commitment to the group or consensus on values. This is a contrast to the Gemeinschaft, which refers to a traditional society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability.

Question 4

The Gemeinschaft refers to:

Accepted Answer

The Gemeinschaft refers to a traditional society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship, and on intergenerational stability. This type of society is characterized by a strong sense of community and shared values, where individuals are closely connected to one another through their kinship ties and other informal social networks.

Question 5

Knowledge is viewed as the basic source of innovation and policy formulation in______________.As a result,education becomes one of the most important social institutions.Formal education and other sources of information become crucial to the success of individuals and organizations.

Accepted Answer

Postindustrial societies rely heavily on knowledge and information as the basis for innovation and policy formulation. This places significant importance on education and other sources of information for individuals and organizations to succeed. The other options (horticultural and pastoral societies, industrial societies, and agrarian societies) may also value education and information, but not to the same extent as postindustrial societies.

Question 6

Sociologist______________asserted that preindustrial societies are held together by strong traditions and by the members' shared moral beliefs and values.As societies industrialized and developed more specialized economic activities,social solidarity came to be rooted in the members' shared dependence on one another.

Accepted Answer

The idea that preindustrial societies are held together by strong traditions and shared moral beliefs is a central tenet of Emile Durkheim's theory of mechanical solidarity. He contrasted this with organic solidarity, which arises in industrial societies where people are more interdependent and specialized in their roles.

Question 7

Social institutions are transformed in______________societies.The family diminishes in significance as the economy,education,and political institutions grow in size and complexity.

Accepted Answer

In industrial societies, there is a shift towards urbanization, wage labor, and specialized professions. This results in a diminished role for the family as people rely more on institutions such as the economy, education, and political systems for their needs. Agrarian societies still place a significant emphasis on the family and household units, while hunting and gathering and horticultural/pastoral societies may not have social institutions in the same way as industrial societies.

Question 8

According to Durkheim,social interaction in preindustrial societies is characterized by face-to- face,intimate,and primary group relationships.This type of interaction is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Durkheim referred to social interaction in preindustrial societies as being characterized by mechanical solidarity, which is based on a strong sense of shared values, norms, and beliefs. This type of solidarity is maintained through face-to-face, intimate, and primary group relationships. Organic solidarity, on the other hand, is based on interdependence and specialization, which characterize modern industrial societies. Cohesive bonding and primitive bonding are not terms commonly used by Durkheim to describe social interaction in preindustrial societies.

Question 9

The shaman,or religious leader,was common in which of the following types of societies?

Accepted Answer

The shaman, or religious leader, was common in hunting and gathering societies.

Question 10

In______________societies,the division of labor between men and women in the middle and upper classes became more distinct: men were responsible for being "breadwinners";women were seen as "homemakers."

Accepted Answer

The rise of industrial societies in the late 19th and early 20th centuries led to a more distinct division of labor between men and women, with men working outside the home to earn a wage and women being responsible for household duties and childcare. This trend was particularly prevalent in middle and upper classes.

Question 11

According to Durkheim,social interaction in industrial societies is less personal,more status- oriented,and more focused on specific goals and objectives.This type of interaction is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Durkheim referred to this type of interaction as organic solidarity, which is characterized by interdependence and specialization in roles and tasks, rather than shared values and traditions (mechanical solidarity). It is also more focused on achieving specific goals and objectives rather than maintaining social cohesion through status-oriented bonding. High-technology bonding is not a sociological concept related to Durkheim's theory of solidarity.

Question 12

______________ are based on technology that mechanizes production.New technologies,such as the invention of the steam engine and fuel-powered machinery,stimulated many changes.

Accepted Answer

Industrial societies are the only option mentioned that are based on technology that mechanizes production. The invention of the steam engine and fuel-powered machinery were key components of the Industrial Revolution, which transformed many societies from agrarian or traditional production methods to industrial production methods. Horticultural and pastoral societies, as well as hunting and gathering societies, rely on alternative methods of production such as subsistence agriculture and hunting and gathering for survival.

Question 13

______________ are characterized by an information explosion and an economy in which large numbers of people either provide or apply information,or are employed in service jobs (such as fast-food server or health care worker).

Accepted Answer

Postindustrial societies are characterized by an information explosion and an economy in which a large number of people provide or apply information, or are employed in service jobs. This is in contrast to industrial societies, which are characterized by a focus on manufacturing and production, agrarian societies, which are primarily focused on the cultivation of crops, and horticultural and pastoral societies, which are based on small-scale farming and herding.

Question 14

______________ is the term used to describe people with a commitment to the entire group and who feel a sense of togetherness.

Accepted Answer

Gemeinschaft is the term used to describe people with a commitment to the entire group and who feel a sense of togetherness. This concept was developed by German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies to describe traditional and rural societies with strong social bonds and interpersonal relationships. In contrast, Gesellschaft refers to modern and urban societies with weaker social ties and individualism. Organic solidarity is a term developed by French sociologist Emile Durkheim to describe social cohesion based on interdependence and specialization in modern societies. Total institution refers to a closed and isolated social system where individuals are subject to strict rules and control.

Question 15

______________ use the technology of large-scale farming,including animal-drawn or energy-powered plows and equipment,to produce their food supply.

Accepted Answer

Agrarian societies use large-scale farming with technology to produce their food supply. Hunting and gathering societies rely on hunting animals and gathering wild plants, while horticultural and pastoral societies use simple tools for small-scale farming and animal husbandry. Industrial societies rely on advanced machinery and technology in various industries, including agriculture.

Question 16

From sociologist Emile Durkheim's perspective,______________refers to the social cohesion found in industrial societies,in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence.

Accepted Answer

Emile Durkheim believed that in industrial societies, people have specialized roles and rely on one another to fulfill their needs. This creates a type of social cohesion called organic solidarity. Mechanical solidarity, on the other hand, is found in traditional societies where people have similar roles and share common beliefs, values, and customs.

Question 17

Which of the following sociologists used the terms Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft to characterize the degree of social solidarity and social control found in societies?

Accepted Answer

Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft were introduced by Ferdinand Tönnies, a German sociologist, in his book "Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft" (1887). He used these terms to differentiate between two types of societies based on the level of social solidarity and control they possess. In Gemeinschaft societies, social relationships are based on personal bonds and a sense of community, while in Gesellschaft societies, relationships are more impersonal and based on individual interests.

Question 18

In______________societies,social inequality is the highest of all preindustrial societies in terms of both class and gender.The two major classes are the landlords and the peasants.The landlords own the fields and the harvests are produced by the peasants.

Accepted Answer

The description given matches that of an agrarian society, where the highest level of inequality exists in terms of class and gender. The landlords own the land and resources, while the peasants work on the land and produce the harvests. In hunting and gathering societies, social inequality is typically low, as resources are shared equally among the community. Horticultural and pastoral societies also tend to have a lower level of inequality compared to agrarian societies. Industrial societies are characterized by a different mode of production and social organization altogether, and their level of inequality may differ depending on various factors.

Question 19

Division of labor increases in______________.As the food supply grows,not everyone needs to be engaged in food production.Some people can pursue activities such as weaving cloth or carpets,crafting jewelry,or creating the tools needed for building the society's structure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Division of labor increases in______________.As the food...

Question 20

From sociologist Emile Durkheim's perspective,______________refers to the social cohesion in preindustrial societies,in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds.

Accepted Answer

According to Emile Durkheim, the term "mechanical solidarity" refers to the social cohesion in preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds.

Quiz 5: Society,social Structure,and Interaction in Everyday Life

Based on sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies' perspective,most people in______________societies are "strangers" who perceive that they have very little in common with most people.Consequently,self interest dominates and little consensus exists regarding values.

In______________societies,there is a corresponding rise of a consumer society and the emergence of a global village in which people around the world communicate with one another by electronic technologies,such as television,telephone,fax,e-mail,and the Internet.

The Gesellschaft refers to:

The Gemeinschaft refers to:

Knowledge is viewed as the basic source of innovation and policy formulation in______________.As a result,education becomes one of the most important social institutions.Formal education and other sources of information become crucial to the success of individuals and organizations.

Social institutions are transformed in______________societies.The family diminishes in significance as the economy,education,and political institutions grow in size and complexity.

According to Durkheim,social interaction in preindustrial societies is characterized by face-to- face,intimate,and primary group relationships.This type of interaction is referred to as:

The shaman,or religious leader,was common in which of the following types of societies?

In______________societies,the division of labor between men and women in the middle and upper classes became more distinct: men were responsible for being "breadwinners";women were seen as "homemakers."

According to Durkheim,social interaction in industrial societies is less personal,more status- oriented,and more focused on specific goals and objectives.This type of interaction is referred to as:

______________ are based on technology that mechanizes production.New technologies,such as the invention of the steam engine and fuel-powered machinery,stimulated many changes.

______________ are characterized by an information explosion and an economy in which large numbers of people either provide or apply information,or are employed in service jobs (such as fast-food server or health care worker) .

______________ is the term used to describe people with a commitment to the entire group and who feel a sense of togetherness.

______________ use the technology of large-scale farming,including animal-drawn or energy-powered plows and equipment,to produce their food supply.

From sociologist Emile Durkheim's perspective,______________refers to the social cohesion found in industrial societies,in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence.

Which of the following sociologists used the terms Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft to characterize the degree of social solidarity and social control found in societies?

In______________societies,social inequality is the highest of all preindustrial societies in terms of both class and gender.The two major classes are the landlords and the peasants.The landlords own the fields and the harvests are produced by the peasants.

Division of labor increases in______________.As the food supply grows,not everyone needs to be engaged in food production.Some people can pursue activities such as weaving cloth or carpets,crafting jewelry,or creating the tools needed for building the society's structure.

From sociologist Emile Durkheim's perspective,______________refers to the social cohesion in preindustrial societies,in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds.

Quiz 5: Society,social Structure,and Interaction in Everyday Life

Based on sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies' perspective,most people in______________societies are "strangers" who perceive that they have very little in common with most people.Consequently,self­ interest dominates and little consensus exists regarding values.

In______________societies,there is a corresponding rise of a consumer society and the emergence of a global village in which people around the world communicate with one another by electronic technologies,such as television,telephone,fax,e-mail,and the Internet.

The Gesellschaft refers to:

The Gemeinschaft refers to:

Knowledge is viewed as the basic source of innovation and policy formulation in______________.As a result,education becomes one of the most important social institutions.Formal education and other sources of information become crucial to the success of individuals and organizations.

Social institutions are transformed in______________societies.The family diminishes in significance as the economy,education,and political institutions grow in size and complexity.

According to Durkheim,social interaction in preindustrial societies is characterized by face-to- face,intimate,and primary group relationships.This type of interaction is referred to as:

The shaman,or religious leader,was common in which of the following types of societies?

In______________societies,the division of labor between men and women in the middle and upper classes became more distinct: men were responsible for being "breadwinners";women were seen as "homemakers."

According to Durkheim,social interaction in industrial societies is less personal,more status- oriented,and more focused on specific goals and objectives.This type of interaction is referred to as:

______________ are based on technology that mechanizes production.New technologies,such as the invention of the steam engine and fuel-powered machinery,stimulated many changes.

______________ are characterized by an information explosion and an economy in which large numbers of people either provide or apply information,or are employed in service jobs (such as fast-food server or health care worker) .

______________ is the term used to describe people with a commitment to the entire group and who feel a sense of togetherness.

______________ use the technology of large-scale farming,including animal-drawn or energy-powered plows and equipment,to produce their food supply.

From sociologist Emile Durkheim's perspective,______________refers to the social cohesion found in industrial societies,in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence.

Which of the following sociologists used the terms Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft to characterize the degree of social solidarity and social control found in societies?

In______________societies,social inequality is the highest of all preindustrial societies in terms of both class and gender.The two major classes are the landlords and the peasants.The landlords own the fields and the harvests are produced by the peasants.

Division of labor increases in______________.As the food supply grows,not everyone needs to be engaged in food production.Some people can pursue activities such as weaving cloth or carpets,crafting jewelry,or creating the tools needed for building the society's structure.

From sociologist Emile Durkheim's perspective,______________refers to the social cohesion in preindustrial societies,in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds.

Based on sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies' perspective,most people in______________societies are "strangers" who perceive that they have very little in common with most people.Consequently,self interest dominates and little consensus exists regarding values.