Question 1

An intense fear of going out in public or leaving one's home is referred to as:
A)agoraphobia
B)a simple phobia
C)panic disorder
D)a social phobia

Accepted Answer

Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by a fear of being trapped or helpless in a situation where escape is difficult or embarrassing, or where help may not be readily available. This fear often leads to avoidance of situations such as crowded places, public transportation, or simply leaving one's home.

Question 2

A procedure for overcoming phobias in which the therapist models graded approaches to the feared stimulus is known as:
A)flooding
B)cognitive therapy
C)systematic desensitization
D)participant modeling

Accepted Answer

Participant modeling involves the therapist demonstrating and guiding the patient through a step-by-step, gradual approach to confronting their fears, which helps the patient learn through observation and participation.

Question 3

Systematic desensitization was developed by:
A)John Watson
B)Albert Bandura
C)B.F.Skinner
D)Joseph Wolpe

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization was developed by Joseph Wolpe in the 1950s as a behavior therapy technique for treating anxiety disorders.

Question 4

Thought stopping is likely to be an effective strategy for decreasing persistent, obsessive thoughts provided that it is combined with:
A)Ellis's rational emotive therapy
B)Beck's cognitive therapy
C)Meichenbaum's self-instructional training
D)a strategy for increasing desirable alternative thoughts

Accepted Answer

While thought stopping can help with reducing persistent, obsessive thoughts, it is important to have a strategy for replacing those negative thoughts with more positive, desirable alternative thoughts. This is where D is the most appropriate answer, as having a plan for increasing positive thoughts can help prevent the negative ones from creeping back in. While A, B, and C are all useful therapies, they do not directly address the need for alternative thoughts in combination with thought stopping.

Question 5

A major focus of ACT is the use of cognitive restructuring to directly change troublesome thoughts.

Accepted Answer

ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) focuses on accepting one's thoughts and feelings rather than trying to directly change them, as opposed to cognitive restructuring which aims to challenge and change thought patterns.

Question 6

Cognitive therapy assumes that troublesome thoughts constitute the primary cause of disturbing emotions, whereas acceptance and commitment therapy considers thoughts and emotions simply as responses.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy focuses on changing problematic thoughts to alleviate negative emotions, while acceptance and commitment therapy teaches individuals to accept their thoughts and emotions without trying to change them, and instead, focus on actions and values that are meaningful and in line with personal goals.

Question 7

Agoraphobia is a type of:
A)personality disorder
B)anxiety disorder
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)depressive disorder

Accepted Answer

Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterized by the fear and avoidance of situations or places where escape might be difficult or where help may not be available in the event of a panic attack or other distressing symptom.

Question 8

One difference between Meichenbaum's self-instructional approach and Ellis's RET is that Ellis's approach emphasizes coping with negative emotions rather than completely eliminating them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One difference between Meichenbaum's self-instructional approach and...

Question 9

Evidence indicates that a treatment for depression with strong research support is:
A)cognitive restructuring
B)behavioral activation
C)Ellis's rational emotive therapy
D)Meichenbaum's cognitive therapy

Accepted Answer

While all four options have some level of research support, behavioral activation has the strongest empirical evidence as an effective treatment for depression. Studies have consistently shown that increasing engagement in meaningful activities and promoting positive reinforcement can lead to improvements in depressive symptoms. Cognitive restructuring, Ellis's rational emotive therapy, and Meichenbaum's cognitive therapy all involve changing negative thought patterns, but the research does not consistently support their effectiveness as standalone treatments for depression.

Question 10

A list of fear-producing situations arranged from those that cause least the fear to those that cause the most fear is called a(n):
A)fear hierarchy
B)suds scale
C)mastery hierarchy
D)anxiety scale

Accepted Answer

A fear hierarchy is a list of fear-producing situations arranged from least fearful to most fearful, commonly used in exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. Suds scale and anxiety scale are commonly used to measure the intensity of anxiety or fear experienced by an individual, while mastery hierarchy is a term used in behavior therapy to refer to a list of behavior changes that need to be made by a person to achieve a specific goal.

Question 11

A procedure for overcoming a simple phobia that tries to get the client into the presence of the feared stimulus very early during therapy, and to maintain exposure for long periods of time, is referred to as:
A)systematic desensitization
B)participant modelling
C)flooding
D)implosive therapy

Accepted Answer

The procedure described in the question is referred to as flooding. Flooding involves exposing the client to the feared stimulus in a intense and prolonged manner until their anxiety response extinguishes. In contrast, systematic desensitization involves gradually exposing the client to the feared stimulus while teaching them relaxation techniques, and participant modeling involves the therapist modeling desired behaviors for the client. Implosive therapy involves having the client imagine the feared stimulus in a vivid and exaggerated way without any actual exposure.

Question 12

For what general type of problem is systematic desensitization used?
A)treating alcoholism
B)to treat high blood pressure
C)to overcome phobias
D)to treat enuresis

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a type of therapy used to treat phobias, anxiety, and fear-based disorders. It involves gradually exposing the person to the feared stimulus or situation, in a controlled and safe environment, while using relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety and stress. With repeated exposure, the person learns to tolerate and ultimately overcome the fear or phobia.

Question 13

A behavioral component of the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia is:
A)exposure to the feared stimuli
B)thought-stopping
C)self-instructional training
D)reality checking

Accepted Answer

Exposure to the feared stimuli is a key behavioral component of the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia, as it helps individuals confront and overcome their fears of certain situations or places that they may have been avoiding due to the panic attacks. By gradually exposing individuals to these feared stimuli, they can learn to tolerate and cope with the associated anxiety and develop a greater sense of control and mastery over their symptoms. Thought-stopping, self-instructional training, and reality checking may also be used in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia, but they are not the primary behavioral component.

Question 14

If a child learns that a dime is worth more than a nickel and a quarter is worth more than a dime, then the child will know that a quarter is worth more than a nickel.In relational frame theory, this is referred to as:
A)bi-directionality
B)combinatorial entailment
C)transformation of stimulus functions
D)stimulus equivalence

Accepted Answer

Combinatorial entailment refers to the derivation of a relation between two stimuli that have not been explicitly taught but can be inferred through their relation to a third stimulus. In this case, understanding the value relationship between a dime, nickel, and quarter without direct instruction on each comparison.

Question 15

An extraordinary stressful or traumatic event, such as being physically or sexually abused, being in a serious traffic accident, or witnessing a catastrophic event, can cause impaired functioning such that the individual would likely be diagnosed as having a(n):
A)generalized anxiety disorder
B)simple phobia
C)depression
D)post-traumatic stress disorder

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described in the question are indicative of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is a severe anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to an extraordinarily stressful or traumatic event. Symptoms may include re-experiencing the traumatic event through flashbacks or nightmares, avoidance of reminders of the trauma, and hyperarousal such as hypervigilance, irritability, and difficulty sleeping.

Question 16

When an individual desensitizes a fear in real life rather than in his or her own imagination,___________ is being used.
A)systematic desensitization
B)in vivo desensitization
C)covert sensitization
D)participant modeling

Accepted Answer

In vivo desensitization involves exposing a person to their feared object or situation in real life in order to desensitize them to the fear. Systematic desensitization involves gradual exposure to feared objects or situations in imagination or virtual reality, covert sensitization involves pairing the feared object or situation with an aversive stimulus in imagination, and participant modeling involves the person observing a model interacting with their feared object or situation.

Question 17

Which of the following types of treatment work best with obsessive-compulsive disorders?
A)flooding in imagination of the feared situation in order to elicit the obsessive-compulsive behavior
B)cognitive restructuring
C)exposure to the feared situation in order to elicit the obsessive-compulsive behavior
D)exposure to the feared situation while preventing the compulsive behavior from occurring

Accepted Answer

Exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy is currently the most effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This involves exposure to the feared situation or object while preventing the individual from engaging in their typical compulsive behavior. This approach helps to break the cycle of anxiety and compulsions, and allows the individual to gradually learn that they can tolerate the anxiety without engaging in their compulsive behavior. While cognitive restructuring may also be helpful for some individuals with OCD, it is typically used in conjunction with ERP therapy. Flooding in imagination or exposure without response prevention can actually exacerbate OCD symptoms.

Question 18

With cognitive therapy, a primary purpose of behavioral homework assignments is to help the client overcome distorted thinking.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral homework assignments are used in cognitive therapy to assist the client in challenging and modifying their negative thoughts and patterns of thinking, which can lead to an improvement in their mental health. Through completing these assignments, clients can learn to recognize and change their distorted thinking, leading to positive changes in their emotions and behaviors.

Question 19

A persistent fear of heights is referred to as a(n):
A)social phobia
B)specific phobia
C)panic disorder
D)obsessive compulsive disorder

Accepted Answer

A specific phobia is a persistent and excessive fear of a specific object, situation or activity. Fear of heights is a common example of a specific phobia. Social phobia, panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder all involve different types of anxiety and fear, but are not specific to fear of heights.

Question 20

An obsessive-compulsive disorder is a disorder in which:
A)the client is bothered either by unwanted thoughts, or unwanted repetitive actions, or both
B)extreme anxiety or panic attacks occur for which no consistent antecedent stimulus can be readily identified
C)the client is debilitated by stress, either because the stressful events in their life are too numerous, or because they are unable to cope with stressful events
D)one's characteristic mode of interacting with others is extremely maladaptive or dysfunctional

Accepted Answer

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by unwanted and intrusive thoughts, images, or impulses (obsessions) that cause anxiety or distress, as well as repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) that the individual feels compelled to perform in response to the obsessive thoughts, in order to reduce the anxiety or prevent a feared event. The obsessions and compulsions can interfere with daily activities and cause significant distress.

Quiz 31: Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

An intense fear of going out in public or leaving one's home is referred to as:

A procedure for overcoming phobias in which the therapist models graded approaches to the feared stimulus is known as:

Systematic desensitization was developed by:

Thought stopping is likely to be an effective strategy for decreasing persistent, obsessive thoughts provided that it is combined with:

A major focus of ACT is the use of cognitive restructuring to directly change troublesome thoughts.

Cognitive therapy assumes that troublesome thoughts constitute the primary cause of disturbing emotions, whereas acceptance and commitment therapy considers thoughts and emotions simply as responses.

Agoraphobia is a type of:

One difference between Meichenbaum's self-instructional approach and Ellis's RET is that Ellis's approach emphasizes coping with negative emotions rather than completely eliminating them.

Evidence indicates that a treatment for depression with strong research support is:

A list of fear-producing situations arranged from those that cause least the fear to those that cause the most fear is called a(n) :

A procedure for overcoming a simple phobia that tries to get the client into the presence of the feared stimulus very early during therapy, and to maintain exposure for long periods of time, is referred to as:

For what general type of problem is systematic desensitization used?

A behavioral component of the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia is:

If a child learns that a dime is worth more than a nickel and a quarter is worth more than a dime, then the child will know that a quarter is worth more than a nickel.In relational frame theory, this is referred to as:

An extraordinary stressful or traumatic event, such as being physically or sexually abused, being in a serious traffic accident, or witnessing a catastrophic event, can cause impaired functioning such that the individual would likely be diagnosed as having a(n) :

When an individual desensitizes a fear in real life rather than in his or her own imagination,___________ is being used.

Which of the following types of treatment work best with obsessive-compulsive disorders?

With cognitive therapy, a primary purpose of behavioral homework assignments is to help the client overcome distorted thinking.

A persistent fear of heights is referred to as a(n) :

An obsessive-compulsive disorder is a disorder in which: