Question 1

Jade is a child who is presented with a moral dilemma in the tradition of Lawrence Kohlberg's research. When she is asked what she would do, she answers, "I wouldn't do anything that would get me into trouble!" This answer reflects moral reasoning at the ________ substage of development.

Accepted Answer

Jade's response reflects moral reasoning at the obedience orientation substage of Kohlberg's theory. At this stage, individuals focus on avoiding punishment and following authority figures, rather than making ethical or moral decisions based on their own personal values or principles. Jade's response is indicative of a desire to avoid any negative consequences or repercussions for her actions, rather than considering what is right or wrong in the situation.

Question 2

The most influential account of moral development was proposed by ________.

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg proposed a six-stage theory of moral development, which has had a significant impact on the field of psychology and beyond. His theory suggests that moral reasoning develops in a structured and universal series of stages, with more advanced reasoning being more morally sophisticated. The stages are grouped into three levels: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional, each with two sub-levels of moral reasoning.

Question 3

Substage 1 of preconventional morality is to ________ as substage 2 of preconventional morality is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Substage 1 of preconventional morality is characterized by an obedience orientation, where individuals are focused on avoiding punishment and obeying authority. Substage 2 is characterized by an instrumental orientation, where individuals are motivated by their own self-interest and may engage in "tit-for-tat" behaviors. None of the other options accurately describe the sub-stages of preconventional morality.

Question 4

A child's attempt to solve a problem is to ________ as an adolescent's attempt to solve that same problem is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Heuristics are "mental shortcuts" or simplified strategies used to solve problems, which are more typical of children's problem solving. Analysis, on the other hand, involves breaking the problem down into smaller parts and examining each part in detail, which is more typical of adolescent problem solving.

Question 5

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding processing speed in adolescence and young adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Most research supports the idea that processing speed improves in adolescence and reaches its peak in early adulthood before gradually declining later in life. Therefore, choice A is the most accurate statement regarding processing speed in adolescence and young adulthood.

Question 6

You and a friend argue over who is the best golfer in the world. Which of your responses would represent an ad hominem argument?

Accepted Answer

Choice D attacks the friend's personal character rather than providing any actual argument or evidence for why they believe someone else is the best golfer in the world. This is an ad hominem argument, which is a logical fallacy.

Question 7

In the Victor Hugo story Les Misérables, a character named Valjean steals a loaf of bread to feed his starving niece. How would a person in the instrumental orientation of Kohlberg's stages describe Valjean's theft?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the Victor Hugo story Les Misérables,...

Question 8

Which of the following represents the correct stages of moral development, according to Lawrence Kohlberg?

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg presented three stages of moral development: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. In the preconventional stage, individuals follow rules to avoid punishment and gain rewards. In the conventional stage, individuals conform to societal expectations and laws. In the postconventional stage, individuals have developed their own set of ethical principles and may even challenge societal norms.

Question 9

"Those who cannot attack the thought will attack the thinker." This oft-stated maxim neatly summarizes a(n) ________ argument.

Accepted Answer

The maxim describes an ad hominem argument, where instead of attacking the thought or argument itself, the attacker attacks the character or motive of the thinker behind the thought.

Question 10

As your authors note, processing speed improve significantly between childhood and adolescence. Which of the following physical factors helps explain some of this change?

Accepted Answer

An increase in myelination during adolescence allows nerve impulses to travel more rapidly, and this allows for faster and more efficient processing of information.

Question 11

In his attempt to formulate a comprehensive theory of how morality develops, Kohlberg created a hypothetical scenario with several areas of moral ambiguity. The main character of this made-up story was ________.

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's hypothetical scenario is known as the Heinz dilemma. Heinz is the main character who faces a moral dilemma regarding whether or not to steal a medication in order to save his dying wife.

Question 12

Which statement describes the development of processing speed between ages 6 and 23?

Accepted Answer

Research shows that processing speed increases rapidly from ages 6 to 14 and then continues to improve, but at a slower rate, until age 23. After age 23, processing speed remains relatively stable. Therefore, the time needed to respond decreases for the first seven years and then levels off.

Question 13

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, morality develops in a series of _____ levels, and each level, has _____ substage(s).

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg believed that morality develops in three levels, each with two sub-stages. The levels are preconventional morality, conventional morality, and postconventional or principled morality. Within each level, individuals' moral reasoning becomes more complex and abstract.

Question 14

What would you predict would happen when Duke, a white supremacist teen, reads a scientific study indicating that Asians have higher IQs than whites?

Accepted Answer

Duke's belief in white supremacy is rooted in his adherence to a racist ideology, not rational thinking. Therefore, he is likely to dismiss any evidence that contradicts his worldview.

Question 15

In American politics, candidates for office often resort to attacking each other rather than debating the issues that are most salient to the voting public. This political "smearing" of one's opponent is an example of the use of ________ arguments.

Accepted Answer

Ad hominem arguments are personal attacks on an opponent's character or background rather than addressing the relevant issues. In this case, attacking one's opponent instead of debating the issues is a classic example of an ad hominem argument.

Question 16

Which of the following words best encapsulates why adolescents become more adept at problem solving and specific skill mastery as compared to young children?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents become more adept at problem solving and specific skill mastery because of their increased experience. As they grow older, they have had more opportunities to encounter and solve problems and have gained more knowledge and skills.

Question 17

Preconventional moral reasoning is based on ____ forces.

Accepted Answer

Preconventional moral reasoning is based on external forces such as avoidance of punishment or desire for rewards. This stage of moral reasoning is often observed in children and individuals who have not yet fully developed their own moral principles.

Question 18

At the ________ level of morality in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, adolescents and adults look to society's norms for moral guidance.

Accepted Answer

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the conventional level is where individuals look to society's norms and expectations for guidance on ethical behavior. This level usually occurs during adolescence and early adulthood. Therefore, the correct answer is A) conventional.

Question 19

Weinstock and his colleagues (2008) found that adolescents are better than children at detecting flaws in arguments, and that ________ arguments were the easiest to detect at both ages.

Accepted Answer

The study found that adolescents and children were better at detecting logical flaws in ad populum arguments compared to other types of arguments. Ad populum arguments appeal to popularity or the opinions of a majority, rather than using evidence or reasoning to support a claim.

Question 20

A problem-solving strategy that tends to be very fast and require little effort, but that does not guarantee a successful solution to a problem, is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

The description best matches a heuristic, which is a mental shortcut or rule of thumb that may lead to a solution but is not guaranteed to be correct. The other options, mnemonic, means-end analysis, and algorithm, involve specific methods or techniques for problem-solving that are more likely to result in a correct solution.

Quiz 8: Rites of Passage: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Jade is a child who is presented with a moral dilemma in the tradition of Lawrence Kohlberg's research. When she is asked what she would do, she answers, "I wouldn't do anything that would get me into trouble!" This answer reflects moral reasoning at the ________ substage of development.

The most influential account of moral development was proposed by ________.

Substage 1 of preconventional morality is to as substage 2 of preconventional morality is to .

A child's attempt to solve a problem is to as an adolescent's attempt to solve that same problem is to .

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding processing speed in adolescence and young adulthood?

You and a friend argue over who is the best golfer in the world. Which of your responses would represent an ad hominem argument?

In the Victor Hugo story Les Misérables, a character named Valjean steals a loaf of bread to feed his starving niece. How would a person in the instrumental orientation of Kohlberg's stages describe Valjean's theft?

Which of the following represents the correct stages of moral development, according to Lawrence Kohlberg?

"Those who cannot attack the thought will attack the thinker." This oft-stated maxim neatly summarizes a(n) ________ argument.

As your authors note, processing speed improve significantly between childhood and adolescence. Which of the following physical factors helps explain some of this change?

In his attempt to formulate a comprehensive theory of how morality develops, Kohlberg created a hypothetical scenario with several areas of moral ambiguity. The main character of this made-up story was ________.

Which statement describes the development of processing speed between ages 6 and 23?

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, morality develops in a series of _ levels, and each level, has _ substage(s) .

What would you predict would happen when Duke, a white supremacist teen, reads a scientific study indicating that Asians have higher IQs than whites?

In American politics, candidates for office often resort to attacking each other rather than debating the issues that are most salient to the voting public. This political "smearing" of one's opponent is an example of the use of ________ arguments.

Which of the following words best encapsulates why adolescents become more adept at problem solving and specific skill mastery as compared to young children?

Preconventional moral reasoning is based on ____ forces.

At the ________ level of morality in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, adolescents and adults look to society's norms for moral guidance.

Weinstock and his colleagues (2008) found that adolescents are better than children at detecting flaws in arguments, and that ________ arguments were the easiest to detect at both ages.

A problem-solving strategy that tends to be very fast and require little effort, but that does not guarantee a successful solution to a problem, is a(n) ________.

Quiz 8: Rites of Passage: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Jade is a child who is presented with a moral dilemma in the tradition of Lawrence Kohlberg's research. When she is asked what she would do, she answers, "I wouldn't do anything that would get me into trouble!" This answer reflects moral reasoning at the ________ substage of development.

The most influential account of moral development was proposed by ________.

Substage 1 of preconventional morality is to ________ as substage 2 of preconventional morality is to ________.

A child's attempt to solve a problem is to ________ as an adolescent's attempt to solve that same problem is to ________.

Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding processing speed in adolescence and young adulthood?

You and a friend argue over who is the best golfer in the world. Which of your responses would represent an ad hominem argument?

In the Victor Hugo story Les Misérables, a character named Valjean steals a loaf of bread to feed his starving niece. How would a person in the instrumental orientation of Kohlberg's stages describe Valjean's theft?

Which of the following represents the correct stages of moral development, according to Lawrence Kohlberg?

"Those who cannot attack the thought will attack the thinker." This oft-stated maxim neatly summarizes a(n) ________ argument.

As your authors note, processing speed improve significantly between childhood and adolescence. Which of the following physical factors helps explain some of this change?

In his attempt to formulate a comprehensive theory of how morality develops, Kohlberg created a hypothetical scenario with several areas of moral ambiguity. The main character of this made-up story was ________.

Which statement describes the development of processing speed between ages 6 and 23?

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, morality develops in a series of _____ levels, and each level, has _____ substage(s) .

What would you predict would happen when Duke, a white supremacist teen, reads a scientific study indicating that Asians have higher IQs than whites?

In American politics, candidates for office often resort to attacking each other rather than debating the issues that are most salient to the voting public. This political "smearing" of one's opponent is an example of the use of ________ arguments.

Which of the following words best encapsulates why adolescents become more adept at problem solving and specific skill mastery as compared to young children?

Preconventional moral reasoning is based on ____ forces.

At the ________ level of morality in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory, adolescents and adults look to society's norms for moral guidance.

Weinstock and his colleagues (2008) found that adolescents are better than children at detecting flaws in arguments, and that ________ arguments were the easiest to detect at both ages.

A problem-solving strategy that tends to be very fast and require little effort, but that does not guarantee a successful solution to a problem, is a(n) ________.

Substage 1 of preconventional morality is to as substage 2 of preconventional morality is to .

A child's attempt to solve a problem is to as an adolescent's attempt to solve that same problem is to .

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, morality develops in a series of _ levels, and each level, has _ substage(s) .