Question 1

Seven-year-old Xavier is given the following pair of statements: "All of the balls in the tub are either red or blue. My ball is also in the tub." When asked, "What color is my ball?" he is able to answer correctly, "red or blue." A Piagetian researcher would say that Xavier is

Accepted Answer

Xavier is able to understand the logical relationship between the two statements and use them to deduce the correct answer, which indicates that he is capable of propositional thinking.

Question 2

When an experimenter asks Anisa, "What would happen if horses walked around on two legs?" she refuses to answer the question and adamantly states, "But, horses can't walk on two legs!" A Piagetian researcher seeing this would likely say that Anisa is

Accepted Answer

E

Question 3

Armand finds that the TV does not turn on when he pushes the ON button of the remote control. Armand first checks if the TV is plugged in and then checks the batteries of the remote control. This is an example of Armand

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

According to Piagetian theory, which is not a characteristic of the formal operational stage as compared to the concrete operational stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Reality-based reasoning is more characteristic of the concrete operational stage, where children think logically about concrete events but struggle with abstract concepts, which are developed in the formal operational stage.

Question 5

Which is the most correct regarding the current discussion on Piaget's concept of the formal operational stage.

Accepted Answer

Researchers question whether formal operational thought is universally achieved, as not all individuals reach this stage, and cultural and educational factors can influence its development.

Question 6

A child who has difficulty on a flanker task may be

Accepted Answer

A flanker task requires the ability to ignore irrelevant stimuli, so difficulty with this task suggests issues with filtering out distractions.

Question 7

How do automatic processes help improve processing speed?

Accepted Answer

Automatic processes help improve processing speed by reducing cognitive load, allowing the brain to perform tasks more efficiently without using much conscious effort.

Question 8

Which would be a good way to test working memory span?

Accepted Answer

Testing the largest set of objects a child can recall correctly is a direct measure of working memory span, as it assesses the capacity of working memory.

Question 9

Thirteen-year-old Ryder is asked to memorize a group of nine objects. Before attempting to memorize them, he decides to organize the objects into categories to aid his memory. Ryder's behavior indicates skill at

Accepted Answer

Ryder's decision to organize the objects into categories before memorizing them demonstrates metacognition, which is the awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes. This involves planning and using strategies to improve memory and learning.

Question 10

When asked to memorize a list of seven words in order, Cameron repeats the words over and over. Cameron is applying a(n)

Accepted Answer

Cameron is using a shallow memory strategy, which involves simple repetition or rote memorization without deeper processing or understanding.

Question 11

In a point-of-view task, 12-year-old Amira takes much longer answering third-person questions ("What do you think someone else would think if…?") compared to first-person questions ("What would you think if…?"). Joey, who is 18, also takes longer with third-person questions compared to first-person questions, but the gap between the two is not as great as it is for Amira. A researcher might conclude that Amira

Accepted Answer

Amira's longer response time for third-person questions suggests she has more difficulty with perspective-taking compared to Joey, indicating a developmental difference in understanding others' perspectives.

Question 12

A researcher would say that an adolescent who is able to understand the emotions of others has developed a(n) _______ theory of mind.

Accepted Answer

Affective theory of mind refers to the ability to understand and respond to the emotions of others.

Question 13

Adolescents' feelings that their experiences are vastly different from and more significant than those of others is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The term "personal fable" refers to the belief held by some adolescents that their experiences and feelings are unique and more significant than those of others, often leading to a sense of invulnerability.

Question 14

Fourteen-year-old Siobhan is constantly concerned that others are looking at her and judging her hairstyle. Such thinking has been referred to as

Accepted Answer

The concept of the "imaginary audience" refers to an adolescent's belief that others are constantly watching and evaluating them, which is common during this developmental stage.

Question 15

Which statement indicates a higher level of morality as classified in Kohlberg's moral development theory?

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects a higher level of morality as it indicates an understanding of the importance of honesty and integrity, aligning with Kohlberg's post-conventional level of moral development.

Question 16

Which most accurately describes findings on adolescents' moral development?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents' moral development is often linked to their cognitive development, as they gain the ability to think more abstractly and understand complex moral concepts.

Question 17

Adolescents' behaviors in moral situations are _______ with their moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents' behaviors in moral situations can sometimes be inconsistent with their moral reasoning due to various factors such as peer pressure, emotional responses, and situational variables.

Question 18

In many advanced countries, elementary school students learn multiplication table songs. Cognitive development researchers would consider such songs to be

Accepted Answer

Cognitive development researchers consider multiplication table songs as cultural tools because they are methods or strategies used within a culture to facilitate learning and cognitive development.

Question 19

Adolescents brought up in cultures that require a lot of schooling tend to develop and rely more on _______ thinking skills while those brought up in cultures that require little schooling tend to rely on _______.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents in cultures with extensive schooling develop logical and deductive reasoning skills due to structured education, while those in cultures with less schooling rely on practical experience for problem-solving.

Question 20

Aranya, a 13-year-old girl living in a remote village in Thailand who has not had much formal education tends to strongly rely on personal experience rather than abstract reasoning. A Piagetian researcher would say that she

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, the formal operations stage, which involves abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking, typically begins around age 11. Since Aranya relies on personal experience rather than abstract reasoning, she has not yet achieved the formal operations stage.

Quiz 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence