Question 1

In a meta-analysis, what two aspects are assessed to derive an estimate of how meaningful results are from reported studies?

Accepted Answer

The effect sizes and the number of participants are assessed in a meta-analysis to derive an estimate of how meaningful the results are from reported studies. Effect size gives a quantitative measure of the magnitude of the experimental effect, and the number of participants affects the statistical power and the precision of the estimated effect sizes.

Question 2

Papers that review literature to provide an up-to-date assessment of the published work in a particular field are referred to as?

Accepted Answer

Systematic reviews are papers that review literature to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the published work in a particular field.

Question 3

What does the power of a test refer to?

Accepted Answer

The power of a test refers to its ability to detect a significant difference when one truly exists. It is a measure of the test's effectiveness in identifying effects or associations that are not due to chance.

Question 4

These types of receptors tell the neuron to slow down the production of the neurotransmitter:

Accepted Answer

Autoreceptors are located on the neurons that release the neurotransmitter. They provide feedback by inhibiting further neurotransmitter release when they detect high levels of that neurotransmitter, thus telling the neuron to slow down its production.

Question 5

The process through which a neurotransmitter is transported back into the cell is called:

Accepted Answer

Reuptake is the process by which neurotransmitters are taken back into the neuron that released them, allowing the neurotransmitter to be reused.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a type of glial cell?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell, not a glial cell. Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, and Microglia are all types of glial cells found in the central nervous system.

Question 7

Which of the following cell types is involved in myelination?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes are responsible for the formation of myelin sheaths in the central nervous system, which insulate nerve cell axons to increase the speed at which information (electrical impulses) is passed along nerve cells.

Question 8

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) enters the bloodstream and upon reaching the adrenal gland, it stimulates the release of _______.

Accepted Answer

ACTH stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol, which is a steroid hormone involved in the stress response and regulation of metabolism, immune response, and other essential functions.

Question 9

_______ promotes satiety, whereas _______ promotes hunger.

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone associated with satiety, or the feeling of fullness, while ghrelin is known as the "hunger hormone" because it stimulates appetite.

Question 10

Diabetes has been primarily associated with disturbances in which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes is primarily associated with disturbances in insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Type 1 diabetes involves the body's inability to produce insulin, while Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance, where the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin.

Question 11

Which of the following hormones is important in dominance challenges and aggressive behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is known to play a significant role in dominance challenges and aggressive behaviors in many species, including humans. It influences social dominance and aggression, making it a key hormone in these contexts.

Question 12

The primary function of prolactin is to promote which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland, primarily involved in stimulating milk production (lactation) in mammals after childbirth.

Question 13

Which of the following hormones has been implicated in prosocial behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin is often referred to as the "love hormone" because it plays a significant role in social bonding, sexual reproduction, childbirth, and the period after childbirth. Research has shown that oxytocin can enhance trust and empathy, which are key components of prosocial behavior.

Question 14

Which of the following substances are considered fundamental to cellular growth and proliferation, and are best known for their capacity to enhanced neuroplasticity?

Accepted Answer

Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that are essential for the development, maintenance, and function of the nervous system. They play a crucial role in neuronal survival, growth, and differentiation, and are known for their ability to enhance neuroplasticity, which is the brain's ability to form and reorganize synaptic connections, especially in response to learning or experience or following injury.

Question 15

Which type of immunity develops during the course of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is the type of immunity that is present at birth, providing the first line of defense against pathogens. It is not developed in response to exposure to specific pathogens, unlike adaptive or acquired immunity, which develops after birth through exposure to diseases or through vaccination.

Question 16

Macrophage remove dead cells as well as attack and engulf microorganisms through a process called:

Accepted Answer

Macrophages remove dead cells and attack microorganisms through phagocytosis, a process where they engulf and digest cellular debris and pathogens.

Question 17

T-helper cells and B cells are examples of:

Accepted Answer

T-helper cells and B cells are both types of lymphocytes, which are a subset of white blood cells crucial for the adaptive immune response.

Question 18

Immune cells communicate through the release of which type of signaling molecules?

Accepted Answer

Cytokines are signaling molecules that play a crucial role in the communication between immune cells, coordinating immune responses and inflammation.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of an anti-inflammatory cytokine?

Accepted Answer

IL-4 is an example of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which helps to dampen inflammatory responses and promote healing.

Question 20

The nervous system of the gut is referred to as the _______ nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The Enteric nervous system is the correct term for the nervous system of the gut, which operates independently of the brain and spinal cord, controlling the function of the gastrointestinal system.

Quiz 1: Health Psychology