Question 1

Fenfluramine:

Accepted Answer

Fenfluramine primarily promotes serotonin release, which is part of its mechanism of action for its effects.

Question 2

Previous drugs for weight reduction had short lasting outcomes, addictive properties, and/or severe negative side effects. More recent drugs haven't been found to have any such side effects and include:

Accepted Answer

Lorcaserin (Belviq) acts on the serotonergic system to reduce appetite and has been considered a more recent drug for weight reduction without the severe side effects associated with older drugs.

Question 3

Artificial sweeteners:

Accepted Answer

Artificial sweeteners have been shown to alter the composition and function of gut bacteria, which can have various effects on metabolism and potentially contribute to glucose intolerance, but they are not directly associated with causing type 1 diabetes, nor do they decrease glucose intolerance, modify pepsin release, or reduce stomach acid significantly.

Question 4

Bariatric surgery:

Accepted Answer

Bariatric surgery can lead to significant weight loss, which often diminishes heart problems by improving cardiovascular health.

Question 5

Natural products:

Accepted Answer

D  Natural products often do not undergo the same rigorous clinical testing as pharmaceuticals before distribution, although they should for safety and efficacy. In the UK, they are required to include safety information to inform consumers.

Question 6

Homeopathy was established on what conceptual thought?

Accepted Answer

Homeopathy is based on the principle of "like cures like," meaning a substance that causes symptoms in a healthy person can be used to treat similar symptoms in a sick person.

Question 7

NREM stage 1 sleep involves _______ waves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of NREM stage 1 sleep involves _______ waves.
...

Question 8

The deepest stage of sleep is:

Accepted Answer

NREM stage 4 is the deepest stage of sleep, characterized by slow brain waves and minimal muscle activity.

Question 9

During sleep:

Accepted Answer

During sleep, energy recuperation occurs as the body restores and conserves energy, allowing for recovery and repair processes.

Question 10

Someone who is described as being competitive, impatient, hostile, and ambitious may be characterized as having what personality type?

Accepted Answer

Type A personality is characterized by competitiveness, impatience, hostility, and ambition, distinguishing it from other personality types listed.

Question 11

With aspect of the Type A personality might be associated with heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Hostility is the aspect of Type A personality that has been most strongly linked to heart disease, as it can lead to increased stress and physiological responses that negatively impact cardiovascular health.

Question 12

The receptors in blood vessels that are sensitive to blood pressure changes are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Baroreceptors are specialized nerve cells located in the walls of blood vessels, particularly in the carotid arteries and aortic arch, that detect changes in blood pressure and help regulate it by sending signals to the brain.

Question 13

The total number of infectious pathogens that one has been exposed to is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Pathogen burden refers to the total number of infectious pathogens that an individual has been exposed to, encompassing both the variety and quantity of pathogens.

Question 14

Which cytokine is released from cardiac muscle cells and may contribute to vascular remodeling?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which cytokine is released from cardiac muscle...

Question 15

Which receptors do beta blockers antagonize?

Accepted Answer

Beta blockers antagonize norepinephrine receptors, which are part of the adrenergic receptor system involved in the fight or flight response. They primarily block the effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine on beta-adrenergic receptors.

Question 16

With regards to ACE inhibitors, what does the acronym 'ACE' stand for?

Accepted Answer

ACE stands for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme, which is involved in the renin-angiotensin system that regulates blood pressure by converting angiotensin I to the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II.

Question 17

What is the most prominent cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Accepted Answer

The most prominent cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is smoking tobacco. Smoking is responsible for up to 90% of COPD cases, as it damages the lungs and airways, leading to the development of the condition.

Question 18

The diminished airflow characteristic of COPD comes about owing to lung tissue breaking down, which is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The diminished airflow characteristic of COPD, specifically due to the breakdown of lung tissue, is referred to as emphysema. This condition involves the destruction of the alveoli, leading to decreased surface area for gas exchange and impaired airflow.

Question 19

A stroke resulting from a ruptured blood vessel bleeding directly into the brain may be classified as:

Accepted Answer

A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures and bleeds into the surrounding brain tissue.

Question 20

If a patient that has had a stroke presents difficulties in auditory comprehension, aphasia and a lack of insight pertaining to their disability, which brain region is likely implicated?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described, such as difficulties in auditory comprehension, aphasia (a disorder affecting speech), and a lack of insight into their disability, are indicative of damage to the cerebral cortex. Specifically, these symptoms are often associated with damage to the left hemisphere of the brain, where the centers for language and comprehension are located.

Quiz 1: Health Psychology