Question 1

A ______ is anything that varies.
A) statistic
B) constant
C) variable
D) measurement

Accepted Answer

A variable is defined as anything that can vary or change in value, which is a fundamental concept in statistics and research. Constants remain the same, statistics are numerical data or analysis results, and measurements are the act of measuring something, which can involve variables but are not variables themselves.

Question 2

A ______ is something that does not vary.
A) statistic
B) constant
C) variable
D) measurement

Accepted Answer

A constant is something that does not vary.

Question 3

______ variables differ in kind but have no order or magnitude underlying their differences.
A) Categorical
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio

Accepted Answer

Categorical variables, also known as qualitative variables, represent types or categories that are distinct from one another without any inherent order. Examples include colors, types of cuisine, or brands.

Question 4

Academic majors such as psychology are ______ variables.
A) categorical
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Accepted Answer

Academic majors, including psychology, are classified as categorical variables because they describe categories or groups that individuals can belong to, rather than numerical values or rankings.

Question 5

______ measurement levels are for when the numbers ascribed to our classification possess order.
A) Categorical
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio

Accepted Answer

Ordinal measurement levels indicate that the numbers or categories have a specific order, but the intervals between the numbers are not necessarily equal or meaningful.

Question 6

College professors are classified by rank with clear academic hierarchy between the levels. Which level of measurement is this?
A) categorical
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Accepted Answer

The classification of college professors by rank (e.g., Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Full Professor) represents an ordinal level of measurement because there is a clear, ordered hierarchy between the levels, but the differences between the ranks are not necessarily equal or quantifiable in the way that interval or ratio measurements are.

Question 7

______ a measure with no true zero point that has rank-ordered ordered attributes with a meaningful distance between them.
A) Categorical
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio

Accepted Answer

Interval scales have rank-ordered attributes with meaningful distances between them but lack a true zero point, distinguishing them from ratio scales which do have a true zero.

Question 8

Temperature is an example of ______ measure due to the equal distance between each level.
A) categorical
B) ordinal
C) interval-level
D) ratio-level

Accepted Answer

Temperature is an example of an interval-level measure because it has equal distances between points on the scale, but it does not have a true zero point (e.g., 0 degrees Celsius does not mean the absence of temperature).

Question 9

______ is a measure with an absolute and meaningful zero point and rank-ordered categories of values with meaningful intervals of difference between them.
A) Categorical
B) Ordinal
C) Interval-level
D) Ratio-level

Accepted Answer

Ratio-level measurement has an absolute zero point, indicating the absence of the quantity being measured, and allows for meaningful comparison of ratios between measurements. It also has the properties of interval-level measurement, including equal intervals between values, making it the most informative scale of measurement.

Question 10

Inches are an example of ______ because there is a meaningful zero point and intervals and ratio differences are consistent.
A) categorical
B) ordinal
C) interval-level
D) ratio-level

Accepted Answer

Inches are an example of ratio-level measurement because they have a meaningful zero point (indicating the absence of length), and the differences and ratios between values are consistent and meaningful.

Question 11

______ is a technique that's used to address what occurs when certain assumptions that are required by probability theory are violated.
A) Probability technique
B) Bonferroni technique
C) "Monte Carlo" computer simulation
D) Jackknifing

Accepted Answer

"Monte Carlo" computer simulation is a technique used to address situations where the assumptions required by probability theory are violated. It relies on repeated random sampling to obtain numerical results, making it useful for exploring scenarios that don't neatly fit into traditional probabilistic frameworks.

Question 12

The ______ is the "typical" datum for each variable.
A) measure of central tendency
B) level of measurement
C) datum rate
D) datum range

Accepted Answer

The "measure of central tendency" refers to a statistical measure that identifies a single value as representative of an entire distribution of data, making it the "typical" datum for each variable. This includes mean, median, and mode.

Question 13

The most frequently occurring category is the ______.
A) mode
B) mean
C) median
D) range

Accepted Answer

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set, making it the correct answer for the most frequently occurring category.

Question 14

If most of the students in your class are 21 than the ______ age of your class is 21.
A) mode
B) mean
C) median
D) range

Accepted Answer

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a data set, so if most students are 21, then 21 is the mode of the ages.

Question 15

The ______ is the centermost score in a distribution of scores, the score that splits a distribution of scores in half such that 50% of the scores lie above it and 50% lie below it.
A) mode
B) mean
C) median
D) range

Accepted Answer

The median is defined as the middle value in a data set, where half of the scores are above it and half are below it, making it the centermost score in a distribution.

Question 16

Alice is in a reading group with other fourth graders. Fifty percent of the people in the reading group read at a third grade level and fifty percent are reading at a fifth grade level. What level is the median?
A) third grade
B) fourth grade
C) fifth grade
D) range

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alice is in a reading group with...

Question 17

The average age of an assistant professor at the local college is 43. This is the ______ age of faculty.
A) mode
B) mean
C) median
D) range

Accepted Answer

The average age is defined as the mean, which is the sum of all ages divided by the number of individuals.

Question 18

A ______ distribution is any distribution in which the two sides are essentially mirror images.
A) standard
B) symmetrical
C) skewed
D) variance

Accepted Answer

A symmetrical distribution is characterized by the property that its two sides are mirror images of each other.

Question 19

______ refers to an asymmetrical distribution.
A) Standard deviation
B) Tail
C) Skewed
D) Variance

Accepted Answer

Skewed refers to an asymmetrical distribution, where the data points are not evenly distributed around the mean, leading to a distribution that leans towards one side (either left or right).

Question 20

______ is a measure of dispersion, expressed in the standard units, that indicates the average distance that any given score in a distribution of scores will be from the mean score in that distribution.
A) Range
B) Mean
C) Mode
D) Standard deviation

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation is a statistical measure of dispersion that indicates how spread out the values in a data set are around the mean. It is calculated as the square root of the variance and expresses the average distance of each data point from the mean.

Quiz 14: Analyzing Numerical Data

A ______ is anything that varies.

A ______ is something that does not vary.

______ variables differ in kind but have no order or magnitude underlying their differences.

Academic majors such as psychology are ______ variables.

______ measurement levels are for when the numbers ascribed to our classification possess order.

College professors are classified by rank with clear academic hierarchy between the levels. Which level of measurement is this?

______ a measure with no true zero point that has rank-ordered ordered attributes with a meaningful distance between them.

Temperature is an example of ______ measure due to the equal distance between each level.

______ is a measure with an absolute and meaningful zero point and rank-ordered categories of values with meaningful intervals of difference between them.

Inches are an example of ______ because there is a meaningful zero point and intervals and ratio differences are consistent.

______ is a technique that's used to address what occurs when certain assumptions that are required by probability theory are violated.

The ______ is the "typical" datum for each variable.

The most frequently occurring category is the ______.

If most of the students in your class are 21 than the ______ age of your class is 21.

The ______ is the centermost score in a distribution of scores, the score that splits a distribution of scores in half such that 50% of the scores lie above it and 50% lie below it.

Alice is in a reading group with other fourth graders. Fifty percent of the people in the reading group read at a third grade level and fifty percent are reading at a fifth grade level. What level is the median?

The average age of an assistant professor at the local college is 43. This is the ______ age of faculty.

A ______ distribution is any distribution in which the two sides are essentially mirror images.

______ refers to an asymmetrical distribution.

______ is a measure of dispersion, expressed in the standard units, that indicates the average distance that any given score in a distribution of scores will be from the mean score in that distribution.