Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the three different processes of logical reasoning?
A) deduction
B) induction
C) reduction
D) abduction

Accepted Answer

Reduction is not one of the three different processes of logical reasoning. The three recognized processes are deduction, induction, and abduction.

Question 2

In theorizing, the ______ approach begins with theory, the ______ approach begins with observation, and the ______ approach considers various explanations.
A) deduction; induction; abduction
B) induction; deduction; abduction
C) deduction; induction; reduction
D) qualitative; quantitative; explorative

Accepted Answer

The deductive approach starts with a theory and tests hypotheses derived from it; the inductive approach begins with observations and seeks to develop a theory based on them; and the abductive approach involves starting with an incomplete set of observations and seeking the simplest and most likely explanation.

Question 3

Which form of logical reasoning is often stated in an if/then format?
A) deductive logic
B) inductive logic
C) reductive logic
D) sbductive logic

Accepted Answer

Deductive logic often uses an if/then format to draw specific conclusions from general premises.

Question 4

A researcher wants to conduct research by first developing theories and expressing hypothesis, then creating or observing conditions to test the theory. What method should they use?
A) inductive logic
B) abductive reasoning
C) confirmation bias
D) hypothetico-deductive

Accepted Answer

The hypothetico-deductive method is the correct choice because it involves starting with a theory or hypothesis, then conducting experiments or observations to test the validity of the theory, which aligns with the researcher's described approach.

Question 5

Which of the following is a limitation of the hypothetico-deductive method?
A) many ways we can be "wrong" about our inferences
B) confirmation bias
C) We can never prove a theory.
D) You can only make probabilistic statements.

Accepted Answer

We can never prove a theory.

Question 6

A researcher wants to conduct research by first observing, and then moving from observation to theory. What type of logical reasoning should they use?
A) inductive logic
B) abductive reasoning
C) reduction logic
D) deductive logic

Accepted Answer

Inductive logic is used when moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories, which aligns with the researcher's approach of starting with observation and then developing a theory.

Question 7

______ implies that we look for information that is consistent with our beliefs.
A) Scope
B) Confirmation bias
C) Inductive logic
D) Social facts

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.

Question 8

A researcher is interested in inference and explanation over prediction and hypothesis testing. What type of logical reasoning should she use?
A) inductive logic
B) abductive reasoning
C) reduction logic
D) deductive logic

Accepted Answer

Abductive reasoning is most suitable for inference and explanation, focusing on forming and testing hypotheses based on the best available information. It contrasts with deductive and inductive reasoning by prioritizing the generation of explanatory hypotheses over strict prediction or hypothesis testing.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a part of the literature?
A) journal articles
B) government reports
C) maps
D) researcher's personal opinion

Accepted Answer

Maps can be considered part of the literature when they are used in academic or research contexts to support findings or provide data. However, a researcher's personal opinion is not considered part of the literature unless it has been peer-reviewed and published in a credible source. Literature typically refers to published works that contribute to a field of study, including journal articles and government reports, which are based on research and analysis rather than personal views.

Question 10

The major advantage of a subject-specific database is ______?
A) cost
B) scope
C) time
D) easy access

Accepted Answer

Subject-specific databases are designed to cover a specific field or discipline in depth, offering comprehensive and detailed information, which is their major advantage. This allows researchers and users to find highly relevant and specialized information within a specific scope.

Question 11

According to your text, where is the heart of every university?
A) the classroom
B) the research office
C) the student center
D) the library

Accepted Answer

The heart of every university is described as the library, as it serves as a central hub for learning, research, and knowledge, supporting the academic needs of students and faculty alike.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of using databases?
A) Database not mapped to specific discipline.
B) Access to these databases is often by paid subscription only.
C) more technically difficult
D) time-consuming

Accepted Answer

A database not being mapped to a specific discipline is not inherently a disadvantage of using databases. Databases are designed to be versatile and can be adapted or designed to fit various disciplines and needs. The other options (B, C, D) describe common challenges or disadvantages associated with database use, such as cost, technical complexity, and time investment.

Question 13

______ generally catalogue materials published in a single academic discipline or a group of related disciplines.
A) Catalogue databases
B) Project databases
C) Subject-specific databases
D) Literature-specific databases

Accepted Answer

Subject-specific databases focus on materials related to a specific academic discipline or a group of related disciplines, making them ideal for in-depth research in those areas.

Question 14

Christina is having a hard time finding literature on her research topic using her selected keywords, her roommate Kelsey suggests that she describe her topic without using any of her keywords and search with the new words. What is this trick of the trade called?
A) search and destroy
B) Bernie beck trick
C) literature navigation
D) LexisNexis

Accepted Answer

This technique is known as the "Bernie beck trick," named after a researcher who popularized the method of rephrasing research topics with different terminology to uncover relevant literature that might not be immediately apparent with the initial set of keywords.

Question 15

The Bernie Beck trick is useful in which of the following scenarios?
A) You are unable to find literature on a specific topic.
B) Your research topic is too general.
C) You are having issues with finding a topic.
D) You want to recruit participants.

Accepted Answer

The Bernie Beck trick is a technique for finding literature on a specific topic by using a search engine to find articles that cite a known relevant article. It is useful when you are unable to find literature on a specific topic.

Question 16

The most basic search strategy, and one that most people start with when they begin to delve into the literature is the ______.
A) simple subject search
B) Boolean operator search
C) Bernie Beck search
D) exhaustive search

Accepted Answer

A simple subject search is the most basic search strategy, often used as the starting point for literature research. It involves searching for documents or items based on a specific subject term or keyword.

Question 17

______ are terms that are synonyms and antonyms associated with the topic, problem or question.
A) Simple subjects
B) Boolean operators
C) Complex subjects
D) Keywords

Accepted Answer

Keywords are terms that are associated with the topic, problem, or question, including synonyms and antonyms, to help refine and specify searches in databases or search engines.

Question 18

______ involves combining keywords with modifiers to generate more complex searches.
A) Simple subject searches
B) Boolean operators
C) Complex subject searches
D) Keyword searches

Accepted Answer

Boolean operators involve combining keywords with modifiers (such as AND, OR, NOT) to create more complex and precise search queries.

Question 19

Which of the following does the text NOT mention as a way to manage relevant materials?
A) Zotero
B) Mendeley
C) Google drive
D) Write and cite

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following does the text...

Question 20

A good ______ helps coordinate research by providing focus and implying hypotheses.
A) keyword
B) theory
C) researcher
D) subject

Accepted Answer

A good theory helps coordinate research by providing focus and implying hypotheses. It offers a framework for understanding phenomena, guiding the research process, and suggesting possible relationships between variables.

Quiz 2: Getting Started: Developing Research Ideas

Which of the following is NOT one of the three different processes of logical reasoning?

In theorizing, the approach begins with theory, the approach begins with observation, and the __ approach considers various explanations.

Which form of logical reasoning is often stated in an if/then format?

A researcher wants to conduct research by first developing theories and expressing hypothesis, then creating or observing conditions to test the theory. What method should they use?

Which of the following is a limitation of the hypothetico-deductive method?

A researcher wants to conduct research by first observing, and then moving from observation to theory. What type of logical reasoning should they use?

______ implies that we look for information that is consistent with our beliefs.

A researcher is interested in inference and explanation over prediction and hypothesis testing. What type of logical reasoning should she use?

Which of the following is NOT a part of the literature?

The major advantage of a subject-specific database is ______?

According to your text, where is the heart of every university?

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of using databases?

______ generally catalogue materials published in a single academic discipline or a group of related disciplines.

Christina is having a hard time finding literature on her research topic using her selected keywords, her roommate Kelsey suggests that she describe her topic without using any of her keywords and search with the new words. What is this trick of the trade called?

The Bernie Beck trick is useful in which of the following scenarios?

The most basic search strategy, and one that most people start with when they begin to delve into the literature is the ______.

______ are terms that are synonyms and antonyms associated with the topic, problem or question.

______ involves combining keywords with modifiers to generate more complex searches.

Which of the following does the text NOT mention as a way to manage relevant materials?

A good ______ helps coordinate research by providing focus and implying hypotheses.