Question 1

The rational part of the psyche that deals with reality and tries to meet the needs of the other two mental structures is called the _____.

Accepted Answer

The ego is the rational part of the psyche that deals with reality and tries to balance the needs and desires of the id and the superego. The id is the primitive and instinctual part of the psyche while the superego represents the internalized values and moral standards of society.

Question 2

According to Freud, the three mental structures that form personality are the _____.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that the human psyche was composed of three distinct but interrelated parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is the primitive, instinctual part of the mind that operates on a pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification for its impulses. The ego is the part of the mind that balances the competing demands of the id and the external world, and acts as a mediator between them. The superego is the moralistic part of the mind, representing the internalized values and ideals of society that shape our sense of right and wrong.

Question 3

The _____ principle asserts that the ego tries to meet the demands of the id, superego, and the realities of the environment.

Accepted Answer

The reality principle is a key concept in Freud's psychodynamic theory. According to this principle, the ego tries to satisfy the demands of the id and superego while also taking into account the realities of the environment. This means that the ego must learn how to defer gratification and make compromises in order to navigate the complexities of the real world. Therefore, the correct answer is C, reality.

Question 4

__________________ is the inborn drive to realize one's potential and develop one's talents.

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization is the inborn drive to realize one's potential and develop one's talents. Self-concept refers to how one views oneself, self-esteem refers to one's overall evaluation of oneself, and locus of control refers to one's belief about the extent to which they control the outcome of events in their lives.

Question 5

The _____ is concerned with immediate gratification and the avoidance of discomfort.

Accepted Answer

The id is the part of the personality in Freudian psychology that seeks immediate gratification and avoids discomfort, operating on the pleasure principle.

Question 6

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the ego?

Accepted Answer

The ego does not reside entirely within the conscious realm, as it also contains preconscious and unconscious aspects.

Question 7

Harmony just learned that her brother cross dresses, and wants him to know that she cares about him. She compliments him before he leaves for school by saying, "I really like your skirt...I mean shirt." This could be an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Harmony's comment seems to be a slip of the tongue or a Freudian slip, where she accidentally said "skirt" instead of "shirt". This slip suggests that she may have been thinking about his cross-dressing habits while complimenting him.

Question 8

According to Freud, the thoughts and information that you are currently aware of, or remembering, is called your _____.

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, conscious refers to the thoughts and information that you are currently aware of or remembering.

Question 9

A major premise underlying psychoanalytic or psychodynamic theories of personality is that _____.

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theories propose that unconscious forces have a significant impact on our behavior, such as feelings, thoughts, and actions. These theories suggest that our unconscious motivates and directs many aspects of our behavior and that by bringing unconscious material to conscious awareness, individuals can gain insight, healing, and more control over their lives.

Question 10

When a child learns the rules and values of parents and society and incorporates them into his own psyche, that child has developed his _____.

Accepted Answer

The superego is a central concept in Freud's psychoanalytic theory and refers to the part of the psyche that internalizes the rules, morals, and ethics of society, as well as the values and expectations of parents or caregivers. It acts as a control center or conscience, regulating our behavior and mediating conflicts between our impulses and societal norms.

Question 11

According to Freud, the subconscious thoughts and information that you can easily bring to awareness is called your _____.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that the mind can be divided into three parts: the conscious, the preconscious, and the unconscious. The preconscious, according to Freud, contains thoughts and information that can be easily brought to awareness, whereas the unconscious contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are difficult to access without special techniques such as psychoanalysis.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a "Freudian slip"?

Accepted Answer

A Freudian slip is when someone unintentionally reveals their unconscious thoughts or desires through their actions or words. In this case, the slip-up of referring to one's wife as their mother suggests a Freudian complex, where the person may have unresolved feelings towards their mother.

Question 13

The thoughts and motives that lie beyond a person's normal awareness are found in what Freud calls the _____.

Accepted Answer

Freud believed that the unconscious mind contains thoughts, feelings, and memories that are hidden from conscious awareness and can influence behavior.

Question 14

In the iceberg analogy of Freud's levels of consciousness, the "tip" is the .

Accepted Answer

The "tip" of the iceberg represents the conscious level of consciousness, which includes everything we are currently aware of in our thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.

Question 15

The _____ principle asserts that the only motivation for behavior is the immediate gratification of needs.

Accepted Answer

The principle of pleasure (also known as the pleasure principle) is a central concept in psychoanalytic theory that asserts that humans are motivated by the immediate gratification of needs and the avoidance of pain. This principle is closely associated with Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality.

Question 16

The _____ operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification. The _____ operates on the reality principle, and the _____ contains the conscience and ego-ideal, which provide moral guidance for the ego.

Accepted Answer

This question is referring to Sigmund Freud's theory of personality, which is composed of three parts: the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification, while the ego operates on the reality principle, trying to satisfy the id's desires in a way that is acceptable to the outside world. The superego contains the conscience and ego-ideal, which provide moral guidance for the ego. Therefore, the best choice is B - id; ego; superego.

Question 17

At the end of a very busy week, Sumita is enjoying a jazz concert with her husband, and plans to eat dinner afterwards. Which of the following statements is MOST likely to be true regarding her levels of consciousness?

Accepted Answer

Given that she has had a very busy week and is now enjoying a jazz concert with her husband, it is likely that she is currently conscious and fully engaged in the experience. However, her fatigue may be stored in her preconscious and could surface with a little prompting, such as if someone asked her how her week was or if she felt tired. It is less likely that she is subconsciously aware of the music or that feelings of hunger or anger are tucked away in her unconscious or subconscious mind during this time.

Question 18

The id's attempts at immediate gratification of needs and avoidance of discomfort are controlled by the _____.

Accepted Answer

The id is the primitive part of the psyche that seeks immediate gratification of needs and avoidance of discomfort, while the ego operates on the reality principle to find a balance between the id's impulses and the demands of the external world. Therefore, it is the task of the ego to control the id's impulses and find a realistic way to satisfy its needs, hence the answer is A) ego.

Question 19

Compared to _____ theories that describe personality, _____ theories attempt to explain personality.

Accepted Answer

Trait theories describe personality by identifying specific characteristics, while psychoanalytic theories attempt to explain the underlying reasons for those characteristics.

Question 20

When someone violates parental and societal rules, they experience guilt. This is the role of the _____, which operates on the _____ principle.

Accepted Answer

The superego is responsible for the internalization of societal and parental rules and norms, which guide moral behavior. When these rules are violated, guilt arises as a way of punishing the individual and reinforcing adherence to the rules. The other options are incorrect because the id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of impulses, while the ego operates on the reality principle, balancing impulses with societal constraints. The unconscious is a broader term that encompasses all mental activity outside of conscious awareness and is not specifically tied to guilt or punishment.

Quiz 13: Personality