Question 1

Attitude formation falls under which memory category?
A) implicit
B) explicit
C) semantic
D) episodic

Accepted Answer

Attitude formation is often linked to implicit memory, as it involves unconscious influences and automatic responses that are not always within conscious awareness.

Question 2

One of the best ways to remember factual information is to relate it to something personal.In this way,you are taking advantage of your _____ memory to aid retrieval from your _____ memory.
A) implicit; explicit
B) semantic; episodic
C) episodic; semantic
D) explicit; implicit

Accepted Answer

Relating factual information to something personal involves using one's personal experiences, which are stored in episodic memory, to aid retrieval from semantic memory, where factual knowledge is stored. Therefore, the answer is C - episodic memory to aid retrieval from semantic memory.

Question 3

Patient H.M.suffered from seizures and had part of his medial temporal lobes removed.As a result,he could no longer:
A) remember his past
B) form new implicit memories
C) form new explicit memories
D) remember anything at all

Accepted Answer

Patient H.M. could not form new explicit memories (declarative memory) due to the removal of parts of his medial temporal lobes, including the hippocampus, which are crucial for this type of memory formation. However, his ability to form new implicit memories (procedural memory) remained intact.

Question 4

An older view of human memory argued that all memories were essentially of the same type.Newer views disagree,arguing that memories involve different:
A) strengths
B) types of neurons
C) interacting systems
D) independent processes

Accepted Answer

Newer views suggest that memories involve different interacting systems, such as episodic, semantic, and procedural memory systems. This suggests that different types of memories involve distinct neural networks and cognitive processes. Therefore, choice C is the best answer.

Question 5

Many movies involve product placement.For example,the main character in a movie may drink only Dr.Pepper.Companies pay for product placement because they assume that it increases the likelihood that audience members will later buy the product.If a person's shopping is unconsciously influenced by the appearance of a product in a movie,this effect is likely due to existence of the item in:
A) explicit memory
B) semantic memory
C) implicit memory
D) procedural memory

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory refers to memories that are not consciously recalled, but still influence behavior or thoughts. If product placement in a movie influences a person's shopping behavior without them consciously recalling seeing the product in the movie, it is likely due to implicit memory.

Question 6

On the bus last week,Kyohei heard two women talking about someone named Enisa for the entire 30 minutes of the trip.Today,the woman sitting next to Kyohei in class told her friend that Enisa was coming.Kyohei assumed that Enisa was someone famous and wondered why she did not know her.Kyohei is experiencing the:
A) misinformation effect
B) repetition priming effect
C) false fame effect
D) source attribution effect

Accepted Answer

Kyohei is experiencing the false fame effect, where repeated exposure to a name leads to the assumption that the person is famous, even without knowing who they are.

Question 7

If someone asks you who is running for president,you will answer from your _____ memory.If someone asks who you plan to vote for,you will answer from your _____ memory.
A) episodic; semantic
B) semantic; episodic
C) procedural; explicit
D) explicit; procedural

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory involves general knowledge and facts, such as who is running for president. Episodic memory involves personal experiences and plans, such as who you plan to vote for.

Question 8

People usually remember how many days there are in the months of September,October,and May by using:
A) verbal mnemonics
B) episodic memory
C) semantic memory
D) elaborative retrieval

Accepted Answer

Verbal mnemonics, such as the rhyme "Thirty days hath September, April, June, and November," help people remember the number of days in each month.

Question 9

The memory enhancement that occurs when the situations during encoding and recall match is called _____ memory; the memory enhancement that occurs when the internal states during encoding and recall match is called _____ memory.
A) context-dependent; state-dependent
B) semantic; episodic
C) episodic; semantic
D) state-dependent; context-dependent

Accepted Answer

Context-dependent memory refers to the enhanced retrieval of information when the external environmental contexts of encoding and retrieval match, while state-dependent memory refers to the enhanced retrieval of information when the internal physiological or emotional states at encoding and retrieval match. Therefore, the best choice to fill in the blanks is A, as it correctly identifies each type of memory enhancement and matches them with their corresponding names.

Question 10

Understanding how to serve a ball in tennis involves _____ memory,but actually serving the ball involves _____ memory.
A) declarative; procedural
B) episodic; procedural
C) procedural; declarative
D) procedural; episodic

Accepted Answer

Understanding how to serve a ball involves declarative memory, which is the knowledge of facts and information. Actually serving the ball involves procedural memory, which is the memory of how to perform tasks and actions.

Question 11

The memory of your wedding day is an example of a(n):
A) procedural memory
B) declarative memory
C) episodic memory
D) semantic memory

Accepted Answer

The memory of a specific event or personal experience, such as a wedding day, is an example of an episodic memory - a type of declarative memory that involves the recall of personal experiences and events. Procedural memories are related to skills and habits, while semantic memories involve general knowledge and facts.

Question 12

As a research participant,you read a list of names of unknown individuals.On another day,you read a list that includes some of those names,and you are asked if anyone on the list is famous.According to the _____,you will remember the individuals from the first list as famous.
A) procedural memory schema
B) prospective memory effect
C) shadowing effect
D) false fame effect

Accepted Answer

The effect described in the scenario is the false fame effect, where individuals are more likely to judge previously presented but unknown names as famous when they are presented again in a list with actual famous names. This is due to the activation of semantic memory and the familiarity of the previously presented names.

Question 13

People find it very easy to put on a button-down shirt but much harder to list the steps involved in putting on that shirt.This difference suggests that _____ memory is more useful in getting dressed than _____ memory.
A) declarative; procedural
B) procedural; declarative
C) episodic; semantic
D) semantic; episodic

Accepted Answer

The ability to put on a shirt involves using procedural memory, which is the memory for how to perform a task or skill, rather than declarative memory, which is the memory for facts and information. Therefore, the correct choice is B) procedural; declarative.

Question 14

Karl's grandmother,who came from Poland,died when he was three.He can remember very little about her.In fact,he has no conscious memories of the wonderful Polish food she used to cook.One day,Karl walks by a Polish restaurant and is flooded with memories of his grandmother.The food served as a _____ for Karl's memories of his grandmother.
A) mnemonic
B) mental image
C) frame
D) retrieval cue

Accepted Answer

A retrieval cue is a trigger that helps elicit a memory that has been stored in long-term memory. In this case, the Polish food served as a retrieval cue for Karl's memories of his grandmother who came from Poland.

Question 15

Akila's brother asks her if she knows the names of the capitals of Texas and Montana.She instantly knows that the capital of Texas is Austin,and she does not know the capital of Montana.Akila is using her _____ memory to retrieve _____ memories.
A) explicit; declarative
B) implicit; tacit
C) episodic; autobiographical
D) procedural; semantic

Accepted Answer

Akila is using her explicit memory, which refers to conscious and intentional recollection of previous experiences, to retrieve declarative memories, which are memories of facts and events. Specifically, she remembers the capital of Texas (a fact) and cannot recall the capital of Montana (another fact).

Question 16

The encoding specificity principle states that:
A) only similar kinds of information can be encoded together
B) anything encoded with information can be a retrieval cue for that information
C) similar kinds of information are encoded into common schemas
D) associative networks are formed of similarly encoded pieces of information

Accepted Answer

The encoding specificity principle states that any information encoded with a particular memory can serve as a retrieval cue for that memory. This means that even seemingly unrelated information can trigger the recall of a specific memory if it was encoded with that memory. Therefore, choice B best describes the encoding specificity principle.

Question 17

If you study in the same room in which you take an exam,you will probably do better on the exam than if you had studied somewhere else.This outcome occurs because of _____ memory,which is a form of _____.
A) context-dependent; hierarchical storage
B) state-dependent; hierarchical storage
C) context-dependent; encoding specificity
D) state-dependent; encoding specificity

Accepted Answer

Context-dependent memory refers to the phenomenon in which retrieving a memory is easier when the individual is in the same context they were in when encoding the memory. Encoding specificity refers to the idea that the cues present at the time of encoding the memory will be most effective in retrieving the memory. Thus, studying in the same room (context) where the exam takes place provides similar cues and aids in the retrieval of information during the exam. State-dependent memory is related to physiological or emotional states, rather than environmental context. Hierarchical storage refers to the organization of memory in a hierarchical fashion based on importance or relatedness.

Question 18

If you can remember exactly what you did yesterday but have trouble remembering the names of the 50 states,then you have excellent _____ memory but somewhat poor _____ memory.
A) episodic; semantic
B) semantic; episodic
C) procedural; explicit
D) explicit; procedural

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory is the ability to recall specific events and experiences, such as what you did yesterday. Semantic memory is the ability to remember general knowledge and facts, such as the names of the 50 states. Therefore, if someone can remember what they did yesterday but not the names of the 50 states, they have good episodic memory but poor semantic memory.

Question 19

Samantha has just broken up with her boyfriend and is feeling very sad.She resolves to change her mood by thinking about happy things,but finds that she just keeps remembering other sad things.Samantha's experience can best be explained in terms of:
A) context-dependent memory
B) cognitive schemas
C) depth of processing
D) state-dependent memory

Accepted Answer

State-dependent memory suggests that people are more likely to recall information that is consistent with their current mood or emotional state. Samantha's sadness is causing her to recall other sad memories.

Question 20

When Jon visits his grandmother's house,he always thinks about his childhood.Something about the way her house smells triggers the memory.This phenomenon is referred to as:
A) context-dependent memory
B) an association network
C) memory nodes
D) none of the above

Accepted Answer

The scenario described fits the concept of context-dependent memory, where the retrieval of memories is improved when the environmental context during recall matches the context during encoding. In this case, the smell of his grandmother's house acts as the contextual cue for Jon's recall of childhood memories associated with that environment. Options B and C refer to neural network models of memory, which are not applicable to this scenario. Option D is an incorrect statement.

Quiz 7: Attention and Memory

Attitude formation falls under which memory category?

One of the best ways to remember factual information is to relate it to something personal.In this way,you are taking advantage of your _ memory to aid retrieval from your _ memory.

Patient H.M.suffered from seizures and had part of his medial temporal lobes removed.As a result,he could no longer:

An older view of human memory argued that all memories were essentially of the same type.Newer views disagree,arguing that memories involve different:

If someone asks you who is running for president,you will answer from your _ memory.If someone asks who you plan to vote for,you will answer from your _ memory.

People usually remember how many days there are in the months of September,October,and May by using:

The memory enhancement that occurs when the situations during encoding and recall match is called _ memory; the memory enhancement that occurs when the internal states during encoding and recall match is called _ memory.

Understanding how to serve a ball in tennis involves _ memory,but actually serving the ball involves _ memory.

The memory of your wedding day is an example of a(n) :

As a research participant,you read a list of names of unknown individuals.On another day,you read a list that includes some of those names,and you are asked if anyone on the list is famous.According to the _____,you will remember the individuals from the first list as famous.

People find it very easy to put on a button-down shirt but much harder to list the steps involved in putting on that shirt.This difference suggests that _ memory is more useful in getting dressed than _ memory.

Akila's brother asks her if she knows the names of the capitals of Texas and Montana.She instantly knows that the capital of Texas is Austin,and she does not know the capital of Montana.Akila is using her _ memory to retrieve _ memories.

The encoding specificity principle states that:

If you study in the same room in which you take an exam,you will probably do better on the exam than if you had studied somewhere else.This outcome occurs because of _ memory,which is a form of _.

If you can remember exactly what you did yesterday but have trouble remembering the names of the 50 states,then you have excellent _ memory but somewhat poor _ memory.

Samantha has just broken up with her boyfriend and is feeling very sad.She resolves to change her mood by thinking about happy things,but finds that she just keeps remembering other sad things.Samantha's experience can best be explained in terms of:

When Jon visits his grandmother's house,he always thinks about his childhood.Something about the way her house smells triggers the memory.This phenomenon is referred to as: