Question 1

As you are telling a funny story,your boyfriend keeps interrupting you to say things like,"No,it was Sarah who said that,not LaToya." Either you or your boyfriend is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Source misattribution is the confusion of the origin of a memory or information. In this scenario, the boyfriend is recalling the wrong person who said something, which is an example of source misattribution.

Question 2

People often maintain stereotypes about groups even after they have met individuals who contradict the stereotype.Given the phenomenon of memory bias,what might one reason be that a stereotype does not change with new information?

Accepted Answer

Memory bias refers to the tendency of individuals to selectively remember information that confirms their pre-existing beliefs and overlook or forget information that contradicts them. In the case of stereotypes, individuals may meet someone who contradicts the stereotype, but their memory for that individual may shift in the direction of the stereotype, leading them to continue to maintain the stereotype despite new information.

Question 3

Yu-Ting vividly remembers the day that her husband took her completely by surprise when he proposed to her.She believes that she remembers every detail of the proposal.The research suggests that this _____ memory is _____ ordinary memories.

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are vivid and detailed memories of significant events, but research suggests they are not necessarily more accurate than ordinary memories.

Question 4

People who were close to the location of the World Trade Center during the 9/11 terrorist attacks are very likely to show increased physiological responses to:

Accepted Answer

People who were close to the location of the World Trade Center during the 9/11 terrorist attacks may have developed a conditioned fear response to planes overhead due to the traumatic events they experienced. This is known as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and can cause heightened physiological responses to reminders of the traumatic event.

Question 5

Melanie goes to the hospital emergency room hysterical and hurt because she has just been attacked.If the ER doctor wants to be sure that Melanie will not develop posttraumatic stress disorder as a result of the attack,he could give her _____,which block(s)postsynaptic _____ receptors.

Accepted Answer

Propranolol is a beta-blocker that blocks the postsynaptic norepinephrine receptors, which is thought to reduce the effects of stress hormones on the brain and prevent the formation of traumatic memories. Antidepressants and glucose are not typically used to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 6

Srimoyee and Richa,who are college seniors,are reminiscing about their high school prom.Srimoyee enjoyed the prom,but it was not particularly important to her.For Richa,the prom was a very significant event.That was the night her boyfriend told her that he was going to break up with her because he had been secretly involved with Richa's best friend for quite a while.You would expect that Srimoyee would have trouble _____ the prom and Richa would have trouble _____ the prom.

Accepted Answer

The sentence implies that Srimoyee remembers the prom but it was not a significant event for her, so she may not have trouble remembering it. On the other hand, Richa remembers the prom very vividly because it was a significant event for her, but the memory may be painful or uncomfortable for her because of the breakup, so she may have trouble forgetting it. Therefore, Srimoyee would have trouble forgetting the prom, and Richa would have trouble remembering it.

Question 7

At a party,you get into an argument with someone by making an insulting remark.The next day,you remember the argument as being the other person's fault.You do not remember that you were actually to blame because of:

Accepted Answer

Memory bias refers to the tendency to selectively remember information that confirms one's existing beliefs or attitudes. In this scenario, the person is likely experiencing a self-serving bias, where they are remembering the argument in a way that maintains their positive self-image and avoids responsibility for their actions. Alcohol blocking (A) would only apply if the person was too intoxicated to remember the argument at all. Absentmindedness (B) would refer to forgetting the argument entirely or not being fully present during it. Confabulation (D) would involve creating false memories, which is not applicable in this scenario.

Question 8

Having a memory for an event but not being able to remember where the information was encountered is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The term for having a memory for an event but not being able to remember where the information was encountered is source amnesia. Cryptomnesia is when someone inadvertently plagiarizes a work that they had previously encountered but had forgotten. Memory bias refers to the ways in which our current beliefs, attitudes, and expectations can influence our memories of past events.

Question 9

Javier convinces Suzanne to go with him to the sequel of a science fiction movie that he loved.Though Suzanne does not like science fiction,she agrees to go because Javier has been raving about the original movie for years.The sequel is terrible,but Javier sincerely praises it on the way home.Javier's response to the movie represents:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Javier convinces Suzanne to go with him...

Question 10

When a person incorrectly remembers the time,place,person,or circumstances involved in a memory,he or she is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

Source misattribution refers to the phenomenon of incorrectly recalling the source of a memory, such as mistaking where an event occurred or attributing a statement to the wrong person. Absentmindedness refers to forgetfulness or inattention in the present moment, while cryptomnesia refers to unintentionally plagiarizing someone else's work. The sleeper effect relates to the delayed persuasion of a message from an unreliable source, where the source's lack of credibility is forgotten over time.

Question 11

You vividly remember what you were doing when you heard about the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11,2001.What you remember is a _____ memory and is therefore likely to be _____.

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are vivid and detailed memories of significant events, but research shows they are not necessarily more accurate than ordinary memories.

Question 12

Which of the following examples would be considered a flashbulb memory?

Accepted Answer

All of the above events are considered flashbulb memories because they are highly emotional and significant events that are remembered vividly and with high accuracy even years after they occurred.

Question 13

Your best friend's favorite hamster died while you and a new neighbor were there.The most vivid memory of the event will be _____ because _____.

Accepted Answer

Your friend's favorite hamster died, so she was emotionally involved and would likely be the one with the most vivid memory of the event.

Question 14

Laden has a memory of being given a wonderful teddy bear.She believes she is remembering her second birthday,but she cannot remember for sure.The earliest birthday she could be remembering is her _____ because until that time her _____ lobes were too immature.

Accepted Answer

The frontal lobes are responsible for memory, and they are not fully developed until around the age of 3. Therefore, the earliest birthday that Laden could be remembering is her third birthday.

Question 15

Dion keeps having nightmares and flashbacks about his brief time in the military.His chronic anxiety is most likely due to which disorder?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described - nightmares, flashbacks, chronic anxiety related to a traumatic event - are all hallmarks of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Question 16

Posttraumatic stress disorder is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic stress disorder is characterized by persistent symptoms related to the traumatic event that triggered it, such as intrusive thoughts or memories, flashbacks, avoidance of triggers, and hypervigilance. The key feature of PTSD is persistence, which is not the case in retrograde or anterograde amnesia.

Question 17

Roel watches a spoof of the news on The Daily Show.The next week,he describes the event in the spoof as having really happened.Roel's false belief that the news story was true is an example of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Roel watches a spoof of the news...

Question 18

Which of the following phenomena does memory bias NOT result from?

Accepted Answer

Memory bias does not result from the human tendency to accurately report events. Memory bias is a distortion of memory caused by various factors, such as emotions, pre-existing beliefs or expectations, and cognitive processes. The other answer choices all describe biases that can contribute to memory distortion.

Question 19

After a group project,the teacher asks each group member to rate the contribution of everyone in the group.All the group members have given their highest ratings to themselves.The teacher will be less puzzled by this outcome if she understands the concept of:

Accepted Answer

The outcome where all group members give themselves the highest rating is an example of memory bias. This bias occurs when individuals remember only the positive aspects of their performance and tend to forget negative aspects or the contributions made by others. The teacher can understand this outcome better if she recognizes the influence of memory bias on self-evaluation. Option A, alcohol blocking, is unrelated to this scenario. Option B, absentmindedness, refers to forgetting something due to a lack of attention or focus, which is not the case here. Option D, confabulation, refers to the production of false or distorted memories without intending to deceive. This is also not relevant to this scenario.

Question 20

The tendency to make memories consistent with current beliefs or attitudes is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Memory bias refers to the influence of one's beliefs or attitudes on the encoding, storage, or retrieval of memories. It can lead to distortions or inaccuracies in how memories are recalled or interpreted to be consistent with one's current perspective. Confabulation refers to the production of false or distorted memories without the intention to deceive, whereas repressed memories refer to memories that are unconsciously blocked due to psychological trauma. Persistence, on the other hand, is the opposite of forgetting and refers to the continued recall of memories even when unwanted or irrelevant.

Quiz 7: Attention and Memory

As you are telling a funny story,your boyfriend keeps interrupting you to say things like,"No,it was Sarah who said that,not LaToya." Either you or your boyfriend is experiencing:

People often maintain stereotypes about groups even after they have met individuals who contradict the stereotype.Given the phenomenon of memory bias,what might one reason be that a stereotype does not change with new information?

Yu-Ting vividly remembers the day that her husband took her completely by surprise when he proposed to her.She believes that she remembers every detail of the proposal.The research suggests that this _ memory is _ ordinary memories.

People who were close to the location of the World Trade Center during the 9/11 terrorist attacks are very likely to show increased physiological responses to:

Melanie goes to the hospital emergency room hysterical and hurt because she has just been attacked.If the ER doctor wants to be sure that Melanie will not develop posttraumatic stress disorder as a result of the attack,he could give her _,which block(s) postsynaptic _ receptors.

At a party,you get into an argument with someone by making an insulting remark.The next day,you remember the argument as being the other person's fault.You do not remember that you were actually to blame because of:

Having a memory for an event but not being able to remember where the information was encountered is referred to as:

When a person incorrectly remembers the time,place,person,or circumstances involved in a memory,he or she is experiencing:

You vividly remember what you were doing when you heard about the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11,2001.What you remember is a _ memory and is therefore likely to be _.

Which of the following examples would be considered a flashbulb memory?

Your best friend's favorite hamster died while you and a new neighbor were there.The most vivid memory of the event will be _ because _.

Laden has a memory of being given a wonderful teddy bear.She believes she is remembering her second birthday,but she cannot remember for sure.The earliest birthday she could be remembering is her _ because until that time her _ lobes were too immature.

Dion keeps having nightmares and flashbacks about his brief time in the military.His chronic anxiety is most likely due to which disorder?

Posttraumatic stress disorder is an example of:

Roel watches a spoof of the news on The Daily Show.The next week,he describes the event in the spoof as having really happened.Roel's false belief that the news story was true is an example of:

Which of the following phenomena does memory bias NOT result from?

After a group project,the teacher asks each group member to rate the contribution of everyone in the group.All the group members have given their highest ratings to themselves.The teacher will be less puzzled by this outcome if she understands the concept of:

The tendency to make memories consistent with current beliefs or attitudes is referred to as:

Quiz 7: Attention and Memory

As you are telling a funny story,your boyfriend keeps interrupting you to say things like,"No,it was Sarah who said that,not LaToya." Either you or your boyfriend is experiencing:

People often maintain stereotypes about groups even after they have met individuals who contradict the stereotype.Given the phenomenon of memory bias,what might one reason be that a stereotype does not change with new information?

Yu-Ting vividly remembers the day that her husband took her completely by surprise when he proposed to her.She believes that she remembers every detail of the proposal.The research suggests that this _____ memory is _____ ordinary memories.

People who were close to the location of the World Trade Center during the 9/11 terrorist attacks are very likely to show increased physiological responses to:

Melanie goes to the hospital emergency room hysterical and hurt because she has just been attacked.If the ER doctor wants to be sure that Melanie will not develop posttraumatic stress disorder as a result of the attack,he could give her _____,which block(s) postsynaptic _____ receptors.

At a party,you get into an argument with someone by making an insulting remark.The next day,you remember the argument as being the other person's fault.You do not remember that you were actually to blame because of:

Having a memory for an event but not being able to remember where the information was encountered is referred to as:

When a person incorrectly remembers the time,place,person,or circumstances involved in a memory,he or she is experiencing:

You vividly remember what you were doing when you heard about the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11,2001.What you remember is a _____ memory and is therefore likely to be _____.

Which of the following examples would be considered a flashbulb memory?

Your best friend's favorite hamster died while you and a new neighbor were there.The most vivid memory of the event will be _____ because _____.

Laden has a memory of being given a wonderful teddy bear.She believes she is remembering her second birthday,but she cannot remember for sure.The earliest birthday she could be remembering is her _____ because until that time her _____ lobes were too immature.

Dion keeps having nightmares and flashbacks about his brief time in the military.His chronic anxiety is most likely due to which disorder?

Posttraumatic stress disorder is an example of:

Roel watches a spoof of the news on The Daily Show.The next week,he describes the event in the spoof as having really happened.Roel's false belief that the news story was true is an example of:

Which of the following phenomena does memory bias NOT result from?

After a group project,the teacher asks each group member to rate the contribution of everyone in the group.All the group members have given their highest ratings to themselves.The teacher will be less puzzled by this outcome if she understands the concept of:

The tendency to make memories consistent with current beliefs or attitudes is referred to as:

Yu-Ting vividly remembers the day that her husband took her completely by surprise when he proposed to her.She believes that she remembers every detail of the proposal.The research suggests that this _ memory is _ ordinary memories.

Melanie goes to the hospital emergency room hysterical and hurt because she has just been attacked.If the ER doctor wants to be sure that Melanie will not develop posttraumatic stress disorder as a result of the attack,he could give her _,which block(s) postsynaptic _ receptors.

You vividly remember what you were doing when you heard about the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11,2001.What you remember is a _ memory and is therefore likely to be _.

Your best friend's favorite hamster died while you and a new neighbor were there.The most vivid memory of the event will be _ because _.

Laden has a memory of being given a wonderful teddy bear.She believes she is remembering her second birthday,but she cannot remember for sure.The earliest birthday she could be remembering is her _ because until that time her _ lobes were too immature.