Question 1

Which form of psychotherapy emphasizes the modification of distorted or faulty thinking?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy emphasizes the modification of distorted or faulty thinking. It focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and beliefs that contribute to psychological distress.

Question 2

Hamza is a very gentle person who values others' opinions and wants to help people live up to their potential.He is never critical or argumentative with others.He believes all people have many positive qualities and seeks to make others feel valuable and special.If Hamza decided to go into the mental health field,the _____ approach to therapy would best match his personality.

Accepted Answer

Hamza's personality is best matched with the humanistic approach to therapy, which focuses on the individual's potential for growth and emphasizes empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard. This approach views the client as capable of making their own choices and encourages them to find their own solutions to their problems. Hamza's belief in the value of people and desire to help them reach their potential aligns well with the humanistic approach.

Question 3

Imagine that you have gone to the university's counseling center.There you encounter a therapist who does not pass judgment on your behavior,encourages you to talk about your subjective experiences,and frequently attempts to paraphrase,or say back to you,what you have just said.This therapist is probably using:

Accepted Answer

The therapist described in the scenario is using the principles of client-centered therapy, which emphasizes non-judgmental acceptance and empathy towards the client and encourages them to express their subjective experiences. The technique of paraphrasing or reflecting back what the client has said is a key aspect of client-centered therapy, which aims to help the client feel understood and validated.

Question 4

A cognitive therapist would probably find it easiest to work with which of the following clients?

Accepted Answer

A cognitive therapist would find it easiest to work with Jamala because her belief about her worthlessness is a thought pattern that can be challenged and changed through cognitive restructuring. The therapist can help her identify the negative thought patterns contributing to her anxiety and help her develop more adaptive ways of thinking about herself. In contrast, clients like Jan and Jordan have delusions that are not amenable to cognitive therapy, and Jouma's personality traits are resistant to change.

Question 5

Hayley has a snake phobia.She has always avoided situations in which she may encounter a snake,and she will even avoid viewing pictures of them.If Hayley's therapist approaches her problem from a behavioral perspective,he may use:

Accepted Answer

If Hayley's therapist approaches her problem from a behavioral perspective, he may use exposure therapy, which involves gradually exposing her to the feared object or situation until her fear decreases. This approach can help her overcome her snake phobia by experiencing her fear in a controlled setting and teaching her that she can cope with the fear and eventually overcome it.

Question 6

A friend describes having had therapy for a fear of snakes in which she was first asked to think about snakes,then shown pictures of them,and finally,several sessions later,given the opportunity to actually pick up a snake.Her therapist is using:

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using exposure techniques, which involve gradually exposing the person to the feared object or situation until they become desensitized to it. In this case, the person is being exposed to snakes in a gradual way, starting with thinking about them and progressing to actually handling them.

Question 7

Behavioral therapies are based on the idea that:

Accepted Answer

Behavioral therapies are based on the concept that behavior is learned and can be unlearned or modified through conditioning and reinforcement. The other options are associated with cognitive and psychoanalytic therapies, respectively.

Question 8

Reflective listening is used primarily in _____ therapy.

Accepted Answer

Reflective listening is a key technique used in client-centered therapy, also known as person-centered therapy. In this approach, the therapist listens actively and reflects back the content and feelings expressed by the client to help build rapport and understanding. Reflective listening is less commonly used in other types of therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychodynamic therapy, and group therapy.

Question 9

Brendon believes that he is worthless,that other people do not like him,and that he will never have satisfying interpersonal relationships.To counteract this belief,Brendon's therapist says to him,"Brendon,I like and appreciate you.I enjoy interacting with you.What do you think of that?" Brendon says,"Well,if you like me,I guess it makes me think I am not such a bad person after all." In discussing these issues with his therapist,Brendon starts to think differently about himself.The therapist is using _____ with Brendon.

Accepted Answer

Brendon's therapist is using cognitive restructuring, which involves challenging and changing negative beliefs and thought patterns. The therapist is helping Brendon to reframe his negative self-perceptions and consider alternative perspectives, such as the fact that someone does like him and appreciate him. Behavioral rationalization involves justifying negative behaviors or avoiding responsibility, rational creativity involves generating alternative solutions to a problem, and emotive analysis involves exploring and processing emotions related to a problem.

Question 10

In which form of therapy is the therapist most likely to model or demonstrate adaptive behaviors so the client can learn how to perform these behaviors?

Accepted Answer

In behavioral therapy, the therapist is most likely to model or demonstrate adaptive behaviors so the client can learn how to perform these behaviors. The focus is on changing behavior through learning principles, and the therapist may use techniques such as role-playing, behavioral rehearsal, and modeling to help the client learn new behaviors. In psychodynamic therapy, the focus is on exploring unconscious thoughts and emotions, while in client-centered therapy, the therapist provides a supportive and nonjudgmental environment for the client to explore their feelings. In rational-emotive therapy, the focus is on identifying and changing irrational beliefs that may be causing emotional and behavioral problems.

Question 11

Deepa is excessively shy in public and finds it almost impossible to talk to people she does not know.People think she is aloof,but actually she is terribly afraid that people will criticize her,and so she dislikes and avoids interacting with others.If she chose to go into psychotherapy to overcome this problem,the therapist who would seem least threatening to her would be a(n):

Accepted Answer

A client-centered therapist would provide an empathetic, non-judgmental environment for Deepa to explore her feelings and thoughts without feeling criticized or pressured. This approach focuses on the individual's self-actualization and personal growth, and the therapist provides unconditional positive regard for the client. This approach would likely be the least threatening and most supportive for Deepa to overcome her shyness and anxiety. The other options (B: psychoanalyst, C: rational-emotive therapist, and D: applied behavior analyst) may seem more confrontational or directive, which could increase Deepa's fears and resistance to therapy.

Question 12

Jenny is in psychotherapy for an eating disorder.Her therapist is warm and supportive and can easily take her perspective.He encourages her to express her thoughts and feelings about her eating issues and does not judge or criticize anything she says.This therapeutic relationship is the basis for change,creating an environment where the client can be herself.This therapist is using a _____ therapeutic approach.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's warm and supportive attitude, ability to take Jenny's perspective, and non-judgmental approach to her eating issues align with the principles of a client-centered therapy approach. This approach emphasizes the importance of the therapeutic relationship, as well as the client's autonomy and self-determination in the therapeutic process. The other options, such as cognitive-behavioral, rational-emotive, and psychoanalytic, may also be used in the treatment of eating disorders, but the description given fits more closely with the client-centered approach.

Question 13

Your therapist suggests that when you go to college,you keep a diary and record events and your emotional reactions to them.She says that this will help keep you physically healthy.Is this a good suggestion?

Accepted Answer

Keeping a diary can indeed help improve immune functioning and reduce frequency of illness. Expressive writing has been found to have positive effects on both physical and mental health. Writing about stressful events and emotional experiences can help individuals process and cope with them, leading to improved overall well-being.

Question 14

In Ellis's rational-emotive therapy:

Accepted Answer

In Ellis's rational-emotive therapy, the therapist helps clients identify and change irrational beliefs and thinking patterns to more adaptive ones, focusing on the cognitive restructuring of thoughts.

Question 15

Humanistic approaches to treatment are focused on:

Accepted Answer

Humanistic approaches prioritize creating a warm and supportive therapeutic environment in which clients feel comfortable enough to express themselves honestly, often without fear of judgment or criticism. This can help clients build trust with their therapist and gain insight into their emotions and behaviors, ultimately leading to personal growth and positive change.

Question 16

What characterizes client-centered therapy?

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapy is characterized by a non-directive approach where the therapist helps the client to clarify their feelings and gain insight into their own experiences. Dream interpretations, direct suggestions for behavior, and taking the perspective of others are not central features of this approach.

Question 17

If Ivan Pavlov had never conducted his classical conditioning studies,therapists might never have developed:

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov's classical conditioning studies served as the basis for exposure therapy, which is a form of behavioral therapy that helps individuals overcome phobias and anxiety by gradually exposing them to the feared stimuli.

Question 18

The idea that behaviors are learned and can be unlearned through classical and operant conditioning is the basis of _____ therapies.

Accepted Answer

The statement specifically mentions classical and operant conditioning, which are key components of behavioral therapies. Cognitive therapies focus on changing thinking patterns, humanistic therapies emphasize personal growth and self-actualization, and psychoanalytic therapies delve into unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences.

Question 19

Jalisa is in therapy for major depression.In therapy,she has been encouraged to acknowledge and express her feelings in a warm,accepting environment established by her therapist.Jalisa is probably in therapy with a(n):

Accepted Answer

The therapy approach described aligns with the humanistic perspective, which emphasizes creating a supportive and accepting environment for clients to explore and express their emotions. Rational-emotive therapy focuses on changing irrational beliefs, psychoanalysis emphasizes uncovering unconscious conflicts, and applied behavior analysts use behavioral techniques to address specific issues.

Question 20

Dallas believes that he will never be successful enough or likeable enough.His friends always tell him that he is too hard on himself,but he persists in the belief that he will never live up to his own high standards.Dallas would benefit most from _____ because his beliefs about himself are both negative and unrealistic.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive restructuring, also known as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), focuses on identifying and changing negative and unrealistic thoughts and beliefs. This is particularly helpful for individuals like Dallas who have a tendency to be overly self-critical and hold themselves to impossibly high standards. Through this therapy, Dallas can learn to challenge and replace these negative thoughts with more realistic and positive ones, which can lead to improved self-esteem and a more fulfilling life. The other options (applied behavior analysis, psychoanalysis, and client-centered therapy) are not as well-suited for addressing Dallas's specific issues with negative and unrealistic self-beliefs.

Quiz 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders