Question 1

From the __________ perspective, parents and other relatives are responsible for teaching children the necessary knowledge and skills to survive.

Accepted Answer

Functionalists view families as having the important role of socializing children and preparing them to become productive members of society. This perspective emphasizes the importance of parents and other relatives in teaching children crucial skills and knowledge needed to survive in society.

Question 2

Families are expected to regulate the sexual activity of their members and thus control reproduction so that it occurs within specific boundaries. At the __________, incest taboos prohibit sexual contact or marriage between certain relatives.

Accepted Answer

The question refers to a social norm that regulates sexual behavior at a level of society that is broader than the individual or family (microlevel) but not as encompassing as the global or universal level (metalevel). The term "mesolevel" is not commonly used in sociology, so the best option is C, macrolevel, which refers to social structures and processes that operate at an intermediate scale between the microlevel (individuals and small groups) and the macrolevel (societal institutions and cultural systems). Incest taboos are a cultural universal, meaning that they exist in some form across societies and time periods, but the specific rules and norms regarding sexual relationships between relatives vary between cultures.

Question 3

Few societies have residential patterns known as __________ residence, which refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the wife's parents.

Accepted Answer

Matrilocal residence is the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the wife's parents. Neolocal residence refers to the custom of setting up a new household independent of the husband's or wife's family. Patrilocal residence refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the husband's parents. Multilocal residence refers to the custom of a married couple living in multiple households or communities.

Question 4

The __________ is the subdiscipline of sociology that attempts to describe and explain patterns of family life and variations in family structure.

Accepted Answer

The subdiscipline of sociology that attempts to describe and explain patterns of family life and variations in family structure is called the sociology of family. Option A refers to the study of the practice of marrying outside of one's social group, option B refers to the family that is formed when an individual marries and has children, and option D refers to the family into which an individual is born and raised.

Question 5

A(n) __________ family has a family structure in which both partners share power and authority equally.

Accepted Answer

An egalitarian family is one in which both partners share power and authority equally. Option A, matriarchal family, is a family structure where the mother or female is the head of the household. Option B, homogamous family, refers to a family that shares similar characteristics such as age, race, religion, or socio-economic status. Option D, patriarchal family, is a family structure where the father or male is the head of the household.

Question 6

Based on the __________, one of the most significant and compelling forms of social placement is the family's social class position and the opportunities (or lack thereof) resulting from that position. Examples of class-related opportunities are access to quality health care, higher education, and a safe place to live.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the __________, one of the...

Question 7

In advanced industrial societies, families serve four key functions; which of the following was not a function identified?

Accepted Answer

The provision of guaranteed reproduction is not a function identified in advanced industrial societies. While reproduction is still a fundamental aspect of family life, it is not a necessary function in modern societies as reproduction is not the sole basis of social and economic organization. Advanced medical technologies, reproductive rights, and other social factors have also contributed to a decline in emphasis on reproduction as a primary function of families.

Question 8

The most prevalent pattern of power and authority in families is __________. Across cultures, men are the primary decision makers regarding domestic, economic, and social concerns facing the family.

Accepted Answer

The most prevalent pattern of power and authority in families is patriarchy. Across cultures, men are the primary decision makers regarding domestic, economic, and social concerns facing the family.

Question 9

__________ theorists emphasize the importance of the family in maintaining the stability of society and the well-being of individuals.

Accepted Answer

Functionalist theorists view the family as a key institution that contributes to social stability by fulfilling basic societal needs such as socializing children, regulating sexual behavior, and ensuring economic stability. They also believe that families provide emotional support and help individuals achieve a sense of personal fulfillment.

Question 10

Most people's behavior is shaped by cultural rules. __________ is the practice of marrying within one's own group.

Accepted Answer

Endogamy is the practice of marrying within one's own group, whether it be racial, ethnic, social, or religious. This is a cultural rule that is prevalent in many societies and can have implications for social stratification and identity formation. Exogamy refers to marrying outside of one's group, while homogamy and heterogamy refer to the similarity or difference in characteristics between partners in a marriage.

Question 11

According to the __________ perspective, families in preindustrial societies are economic production units, while in industrial societies, the economic security of families is tied to the workplace and to macrolevel economic systems.

Accepted Answer

The functionalist perspective views families as economic units whose main function is to provide for the basic needs of family members, including economic security. In preindustrial societies, families were primarily centered around agriculture and other forms of subsistence production, while in industrial societies, economic security became linked to the workplace and broader economic systems.

Question 12

Across cultures, __________ is the most common residential pattern.

Accepted Answer

Patrilocal residence is the most common residential pattern across cultures where a newly married couple resides with or near the husband's family. Matrilocal residence is less common and involves the couple residing with or near the wife's family. Neolocal residence is the least common and involves the couple setting up a new household on their own. Multilocal residence refers to a pattern where a married couple lives in multiple locations throughout the year, such as visiting each other's families during different seasons.

Question 13

According to sociologist Talcott Parsons, the husband/father fulfills the __________ (meeting the family's economic needs, making important decisions, and providing leadership).

Accepted Answer

Talcott Parsons proposed the concept of instrumental and expressive roles in a family, where the husband/father plays the instrumental role of meeting the family's economic needs, making important decisions, and providing leadership, while the wife/mother plays the expressive role of nurturing and caring for the emotional needs of the family. Therefore, the best choice is option D - instrumental role.

Question 14

In regard to the family, sociologist Emile Durkheim believed that __________.

Accepted Answer

Durkheim believed that in a family, a division of labor contributes to greater efficiency. He argued that specialized roles for different family members are necessary for the smooth functioning of the family unit. This specialization leads to greater efficiency and reduces the pressure on individual family members to perform too many different tasks.

Question 15

In industrialized nations such as the United States, most couples hope to live in a/an __________, which is the custom of a married couple living in their own residence apart from both the husband's and the wife's parents.

Accepted Answer

Neolocal residence refers to the custom of a married couple living in their own residence apart from both the husband's and the wife's parents. This is the most common residence pattern in industrialized nations such as the United States. Multilocal residence involves living in multiple households, patrilocal residence involves the wife moving to her husband's father's household, and matrilocal residence involves the husband moving to his wife's mother's household.

Question 16

According to sociologist Talcott Parsons, the wife/mother fulfills the __________ (running the household, caring for children, and meeting the emotional needs of family members).

Accepted Answer

Talcott Parsons developed the concept of gender roles, which includes the expressive role of the wife/mother who is responsible for managing the emotional climate of the family and caring for their members. This contrasts with the instrumental role typically fulfilled by the husband/father, which involves providing financial and practical support for the family rather than emotional support. The wife/mother's role is often seen as more nurturing and supportive, while the husband/father's role is more task-oriented and goal-driven.

Question 17

In the United States, most people practice __________; they marry people who come from the same social class, racial/ethnic group, religious affiliation, and other categories considered important within their own social group.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the United States, most people practice...

Question 18

Although there has been a great deal of discussion about __________, scholars have found no historical evidence to indicate that true types of this familial power and authority ever existed.

Accepted Answer

While there have been societies in which women have held positions of power, there is no evidence to suggest that true matriarchal families, in which women hold sole power and authority, have ever existed. Patriarchal families, in which men hold most or all of the power and authority, have been more common throughout history. Egalitarian families, in which power is shared equally between partners, are a relatively recent development in human history. Homogamous families refer to families in which partners share similar characteristics such as race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status and are not relevant to the question.

Question 19

Most people's behavior is shaped by cultural rules. __________ is the practice of marrying outside one's own social groups or category.

Accepted Answer

Exogamy is the cultural rule and practice of marrying outside one's own social groups or categories. Homogamy is the cultural rule and practice of marrying within one's own social groups or categories. Heterogamy refers to differences in characteristics such as age, race, religion or education between partners in a relationship. Endogamy is the cultural rule and practice of marrying within one's own social, economic or ethnic group.

Question 20

Residential patterns are interrelated with the authority structure and method of tracing descent in families. __________ residence refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the husband's family.

Accepted Answer

Patrilocal residence is the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the husband's family. Matrilocal residence refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the wife's family. Multilocal residence refers to the custom of a married couple dividing their time and living with both the husband's and wife's families. Neolocal residence refers to the custom of a married couple establishing a new household or living apart from both sets of parents.

Quiz 11: Families and Intimate Relationships.