When Schultz, et al. (2007) provided descriptive normative information on homeowners' energy bills, they found a ""boomerang effect."" This effect was alleviated in a subsequent study by including additional feedback in the form of

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The "boomerang effect" observed by Schultz et al. (2007) was alleviated by including additional feedback in the form of social approval. This approach encouraged individuals who were using more energy than average to reduce their consumption, while also maintaining or even improving the energy-saving behaviors of those already consuming less than average.

When Schultz, Et Al