Question 1

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and TENs are variants of which disease?

Accepted Answer

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and TENs are variants of erythema multiforme.
The origins of the lesions are from sulfa drugs, vaccinations, and viral infections. These lesions primarily present on the face and extremities. Oral lesions present as vesicles and ulcerations and spread widely throughout the oral cavity. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is considered erythema multiforme miner. If it is severe, lesions display on skin, conjunctiva, genitalia, and oral mucosa, and triggered by drugs. Treatment includes systemic corticosteroids, acyclovir, and the discontinuation of causative drugs. TENs, the most severe form of erythema multiforme, must be treated in a burn unit.

Question 2

What three ways can alginate capture a decreased setting time?

Accepted Answer

The three ways alginate can capture a decreased setting time is increasing the water temperature, decreasing the amount of water combined with alginate powder, and rapidly mixing casting ingredients. Alginate offers enhanced surface detail, non-toxicity, ease of use, and affordability.

Question 3

White sponge nevus is caused by a mutation of what gene:

Accepted Answer

White sponge nevus is caused by a mutation of genes keratin 4 and keratin13. It is an autosomal dominate genetic disorder. The condition is also known as familial epithelial hyperplasia, or Cannon's disease. The mass is bilateral and rough due to epithelial thickening in the buccal mucosa. There is not treatment required.

Question 4

Erythroplakia is:

Accepted Answer

Erythroplakia is red plaque that has no clinical diagnoses and fails to resolve with several weeks with or without treatment. Biopsy is the only way to diagnose. There are three Erythroplakia conditions: median rhomboid glossitis, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasias, and hemangioma. Treatment is not often required beyond corticosteroid therapy to larger lesions.

Question 5

Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia is also known as:

Accepted Answer

Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia is also known as denture papillomatosis. The condition is caused by poor oral hygiene by denture wearers, poor fitting dentures, or reactive tissue growth from the wearing of dentures. Treatment options are the readjustment of dentures, removal of dentures to allow lesion-healing time, and removal of lesion by cryosurgery or curettage.

Question 6

Which is an oral fungal infection?

Accepted Answer

Candidiasis is an opportunistic oral fungal infection. It is a common yeast-like fungal organism. Two types exist: the hyphae form and the yeast form. Most often, immunosuppression medications or broad-spectrum antibiotics induce the infection. A diagnosis is by exfoliative cytologic exam. Treatment options are nystatin suspension, triazole agents, and imidazole agents.

Question 7

A dental evaluation is comprised of:

Accepted Answer

A dental evaluation, is comprised of teeth shape, color, and positioning. The goal of overall esthetics must include facial and soft tissue evaluations that accompany the dental evaluation.

Question 8

The analysis of face, teeth, and gingiva is concerned with:

Accepted Answer

Evaluation of the face, teeth, and gingiva is concerned with facial esthetics. The goal is to create teeth that are beneficial to the patient's overall attractiveness. Proportion, midlines, and symmetry must be considered.

Question 9

The horizontal reference for orientating the incisal plane and the maxillary teeth is:

Accepted Answer

The horizontal reference for orientating the incisal plane and the maxillary teeth is the interpupillary line. The interpupillary line aids in symmetry to ensure balanced esthetics during corrective dentistry.

Question 10

Facial proportions are divided into thirds. What is the focus of the middle third?

Accepted Answer

Facial proportions are divided into thirds. The focus of the middle third ranges from the brows to the bottom of the nose. The first third ranges from the hairline to the brows. The lower third ranges from the bottom of the nose to the bottom of the chin.

Question 11

What does the centric relation record indicate?

Accepted Answer

The centric relation record indicates the relationship of the mandibular cast to the maxillary cast in centric relation. The goal is to establish the occlusal vertical dimension. Over time, the record indicates if the patient's teeth are modifying from natural wear and gives last visit teeth positioning data in case of trauma.

Question 12

What instrument orientates the maxillary arch to an anatomic reference point or points?

Accepted Answer

The instrument that orientates the maxillary arch to an anatomic reference point or points is the facebow. The device orientates casts to the opening axis of the articulator. Arbitrary and kinematic are two methods used to reference a point or points. The arbitrary method of anatomic referencing uses anatomic points of reference to approximate the hinge axis. The kinematic method uses the kinematic facebow to establish the hinge axis.

Question 13

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate is the central ingredient of dental gypsum products. What is it used for?

Accepted Answer

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate is the central ingredient of dental gypsum products used in casts for dental prosthesis manufacturing. It aids in bone regeneration, prevents soft tissue development during bone regeneration, and fills bone gaps.

Question 14

Where does a follicular cyst form?

Accepted Answer

Follicular cysts form around the crown of an unerupted, developing tooth. It is the second most common cyst. The cyst usually develops on the third molar, maxillary canine, or maxillary third molar.

Question 15

What are Malassez epithelial rests?

Accepted Answer

Malassez epithelial rests are epithelial remains of the Hertwig root sheath in the periodontal ligament. It creates the tooth germ and preserves metaplastic embryonal potential. Under proper stimuli, these cells can differentiate into any epithelium type.

Question 16

Lateral periodontal cysts are:

Accepted Answer

Lateral periodontal cysts are well demarcated, small, non-inflammatory, and radiolucent. The cysts are rare in the maxillary anterior, but are often in the mandibular premolar region. Distinctively, these cysts have thick fibrous walls with thin cuboidal cells creating the epithelium lining.

Question 17

Odontogenic cysts are:

Accepted Answer

Odontogenic cysts are epithelial-lined structures resulting from odontogenic epithelium. These cysts can become infected, inflamed, and vary in size. Because these cysts are named by location and not by histology, specimens must be biopsied to determine appropriate treatment.

Question 18

What is the critical pH level for carious lesions?

Accepted Answer

The critical pH level for carious lesions is 5.5. The critical pH level indicates that the adjacent tooth of the infected tooth has begun demineralization. The use of fluoride will decrease and defer further decay of caries. Acidic drinks and foods should be avoided.

Question 19

At the root surface of caries, what is the most common cariogenic bacterium?

Accepted Answer

At the root surface of caries the most common cariogenic bacteria is Actinomyces viscus. It is often partnered with bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Veillonella, and Lactobacilli. Often, the infection is accompanied by low fever, soft nodules that harden over time in the angle of the jaw, and chewing difficulties. The bacteria may also be found in thorax, pelvis, and abdomen.

Question 20

Sedation with chloral hydrate induces sleep by affecting the:

Accepted Answer

Sedation with chloral hydrate induces sleep by affecting the central nervous system. The sedation will not affect breathing, reflexes, or blood pressure. Onset is within 30 minutes if taken orally. Chloral hydrate is classified as sedative-hypnotics. It is contraindicated in hepatic or renal impaired patients.

Quiz 1: Dental Board