Question 1

During swallowing, food may become lodged in which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

The vallecula is a small depression located within the median glossoepiglottic fold. The pyriform recess is a trough that lies between the lateral glossoepiglottic fold and the lateral wall of the laryngeal pharynx.

Question 2

Under normal cellular conditions, which of the following does not have a higher extracellular concentration than intracellular concentration?

Accepted Answer

Mg2+ has a higher intracellular concentration: 30 mmol/L versus 1.5 mmol/L

Question 3

Which cranial nerves transmit taste to the brain?

Accepted Answer

CN VII (via the chorda tympani nerve) carries taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. CN IX conveys taste fibers from the posterior one-third of the tongue. CN X carries taste sensation from the area around the epiglottis.

Question 4

In which structure is ADH produced?

Accepted Answer

ADH (and oxytocin) is produced in the hypothalamus but stored and secreted from the posterior pituitary gland.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is not true of total peripheral resistance (TPR)?

Accepted Answer

TPR is the vascular resistance of the systemic circulation. Thus, TPR is indirectly proportional to cardiac output.

Question 6

What part of the tooth is called the crown?

Accepted Answer

The smooth, white part of the tooth that is visible from the mouth is known as the crown.

Question 7

In general, a reaction rate will increase as a result of all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Activation energy is the energy needed to initiate a reaction. Therefore, an increase in activation energy will slow the reaction rate. Enzymes function by lowering the activation energy of a reaction.

Question 8

Which of the following traits of plasma membranesis not true?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membranes are asymmetrical. They are selectively permeable, function as barriers, and also contain cholesterol.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the somatic nervous systemis not true?

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system is a subdivision of the peripheral nervous system, but somatic motor neurons do not synapse in a peripheral ganglion.

Question 10

Which of the following are not key enzymes in DNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Aminotransferases function as transaminases, converting one amino acid to another. They are not involved in DNA synthesis.

Question 11

Which tract carries sensations of pain and temperature from free nerve ending receptors throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

The lateral spinothalamic tract carries pain and temperature sensory information from free nerve ending receptors throughout the body to the thalamus of the brain

Question 12

Where is the site of B-cell maturation?

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow is the site of B-cell maturation. This is where pluripotent stem cells become phagocytes or lymphocytes.

Question 13

In which of the following sites is vitamin D produced?

Accepted Answer

The epidermis produces vitamin D. It must undergo other steps to become biologically active.

Question 14

Which of the following is not present in bile?

Accepted Answer

Bile does not contain plasmin, which is a protein involved in physiological regulation of blood clotting.

Question 15

What is the major descending pathway extending from the cerebral cortex that affects motor neurons and sensory interneurons in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

The corticospinal tract is the major descending pathway that originates from the cerebral cortex and affects motor neurons and sensory interneurons in the spinal cord. The neurons arise in the primary motor cortex, as well as the cortical areas of the parietal and temporal lobes.

Question 16

Which of the following is the depression of the interdental gingiva that connects the lingual and facial papillae?

Accepted Answer

The gingival col is a depression located just apical to the contact of adjacent teeth. It is located in the interdental gingiva, connecting the buccal and lingual papilla.

Question 17

What type of nerve ending is most common in the periodontal ligament?

Accepted Answer

Free nerve endings are the most abundant neuronal ending of the PDL. Generally speaking, they sense touch, temperature, and pain.

Question 18

Which of the following has the LOWEST organic composition?

Accepted Answer

The enamel layer has only approximately 4% organic composition.

Question 19

Which of the following oral epithelial types is keratinized?

Accepted Answer

The attached gingiva, as is the case with all types of gingiva, is keratinized.

Question 20

Which of the following arteries supplies the maxillary canines and incisors?

Accepted Answer

The infraorbital artery supplies blood to the maxillary canines and incisors. It is a branch of the pterygopalatine artery, which, in turn, is a continuation of the maxillary artery.

Quiz 1: Dental Board