Question 1

The anatomy of deciduous teeth is:

Accepted Answer

The anatomy of deciduous teeth is shallow. The roots are long, and divergent with little or no trunk. The primary teeth have a uniformed enamel of 1mm occlusally. There are usually 20 deciduous teeth erupted by 23 months of age.

Question 2

What caries has acute onset and severe deterioration throughout the mouth?

Accepted Answer

The caries that have acute onset and severe deterioration throughout mouth are rampant caries, caused by poor hygiene, large sugar intake, and xerostomia. Xerostomia is prominent in patients that use stimulants.

Question 3

There are several behavioral management techniques. Which one requires consent?

Accepted Answer

Of the behavioral management techniques; hand-over-mouth requires parental consent. Voice control, distraction, positive reinforcement, and nonverbal communication are other behavior management techniques. However, the most important and calming technique is tell-show-do in which the child feels in control. Sedation should be avoided. Appointments should be brief for mentally-challenged children.

Question 4

Apical displacement into alveolar bone is a/an:

Accepted Answer

Apical displacement into alveolar bone is an intrusion. The periodontal ligament is compressed because of the crushing fracture of the alveolar socket. The tooth, if located intraorally, will be short in appearance. If the tooth is primary, spontaneous re-eruption is preferred. Extract if it is hindering the permanent tooth because there is a risk of ankylosis. Permanent teeth should be stabilized in the anatomically correct position. Pulpal necrosis and root resorption is likely.

Question 5

A partially displaced tooth with torn ligaments is a:

Accepted Answer

The partially displaced tooth with torn ligaments is an extrusion. The tooth will be elongated and mobile. If the tooth is deciduous, determine if repositioning with a splint is an option or if extraction is preferred. If the tooth is permanent, reposition as soon as possible and splint for several weeks, pulpal necrosis is likely.

Question 6

Trisomy 21 is:

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21 is Down syndrome. Patient's have delayed teeth eruption, but have low caries susceptibility. Facial features include slanted, small, and low-set eyes. The nose is short, and the face is broad and flat. The patient will have delayed physical and mental development with a heart defect in which safeguard measurements should be taken.

Question 7

During tooth histogenesis, ectomesenchyme influence the growth of oral epitheliums to create the tooth germ. What stage of tooth development is this?

Accepted Answer

During tooth histogenesis, ectomesenchyme influence the growth of oral epitheliums to create the tooth germ in stage one. The development continues to the elongation of inner enamel epithelial cells of the enamel organ. Differentiation of odontoblasts and the deposition of the first layers of dentin and enamel complete stage three through five. The final stage consists of root dentin and cementum.

Question 8

Pierre Robin syndrome is a mutation of what gene:

Accepted Answer

Pierre Robin syndrome is a mutation of collagen gene 2A1. The syndrome leads to micrognathia and glossoptosis - small mandible and tongue retraction. There are breathing and feeding difficulties due to high arched cleft palate. Additional symptoms are mitral valve prolapsed and hypermobility of joints.

Question 9

A delayed eruption of teeth and the retaining of primary teeth are conditions of:

Accepted Answer

A delayed eruption of teeth and the retaining of primary teeth are conditions of Cretinism. Cretinism is due to severe hypothyroidism, characterized by defective mental and physical development. The condition also displays enlarged tongues, over-developed maxilla, and under-developed mandible, limb distortion, and sparse and coarse hair.

Question 10

Abscesses are mainly:

Accepted Answer

Abscesses are mainly anaerobic in nature. At the onset, the infection is virulent aerobic bacteria. It then progresses to mixed aerobic and anaerobic infection. Once the progression stage reaches that of abscess, the aerobic bacteria give way to anaerobic bacteria.

Question 11

What are the two types of occlusal trauma?

Accepted Answer

The two types of occlusal trauma are primary and secondary. Primary trauma is excessive force applied with normal supporting structures - no trauma to gingival areas. Secondary trauma refers to excessive force applied with inadequate support - trauma to gingival areas.

Question 12

Gingival overgrowth is most often caused by:

Accepted Answer

Gingival overgrowth is most often caused by medication. Dilantin hyperplasia is a proliferation response to gingiva associated with the use of sodium Dilantin. However, if the level of dental hygiene is increased or maintained and there is no other preexisting gingival disease, the overgrowth should be avoided.

Question 13

When diagnosing gingivitis, cyanosis is what color?

Accepted Answer

When diagnosing gingivitis, cyanosis is bluish-purple. Bluish-purple is the most common color change in patients with gingivitis. Normal healthy tissue is coral pink. Erythema refers to a bright red color at advanced stages of gingivitis.

Question 14

During primary occlusal trauma, early effects include:

Accepted Answer

During primary occlusal trauma, early effects include hemorrhage and thrombosis of blood vessels in the periodontal ligament. Pathological occlusal forces that exceed normal capacity of a normal periodontium cause this type of trauma. Damage is reversible if damaging forces are halted.

Question 15

When performing diagnostics during a periodontal examination, what is being checked:

Accepted Answer

When performing diagnostics during a periodontal examination, bleeding upon probing, pocket depth, and mobility is checked. If the gingival sulcus bleeds without irritants, there may be gingival inflammation or an indication of a systematic disease. Pocket depth checks for sulcular depth in millimeters from the gingival margin to the deepest point in which the probe can touch. Mobility is checked by tapping the tooth in the buccal-lingual direction with two instruments.

Question 16

What fibers resist rotational force?

Accepted Answer

Circular fibers resist rotational force. These fibers encircle the tooth at the cervical part of the root and insert into the cementum. It also attaches the lamina propria of the gingiva and the alveolar crest.

Question 17

Transudate that emerges from the gingival sulcus is known as:

Accepted Answer

Transudate that emerges from the gingival sulcus is gingival crevicular fluid. The fluid has a high level of serum proteins and leukocytes that contain enzymes, desquamating epithelium, and neutrophils cells that shed through the sulcus. Increased flow is the first sign of inflammation. Once inflammation has occurred gingival crevicular fluid is termed inflammatory exudates.

Question 18

Drugs leaving the body in a linear and constant manner, regardless of concentration is known as:

Accepted Answer

Drugs leaving the body in a linear and constant manner, regardless of concentration is known as zero-order elimination. Elimination is via kidneys, breast milk, bile, sweat, air, and saliva. The rate of elimination determines the frequency and amount of future dosages.

Question 19

What structure supports the alveolar bone proper?

Accepted Answer

The osseous structure supports the alveolar bone proper and provides support to the tooth socket. It consists of a cortical plate that is thicker in the mandible than the maxilla.

Question 20

B-cells are:

Accepted Answer

B-cells are antibody-producing plasma cells. These mature white blood cells have left the bone marrow and migrated to the lymphoid organs. The plasma cells will begin to synthesize antibodies.

Quiz 1: Dental Board