Question 1

Caries detection is:

Accepted Answer

Caries detection is visual and tactical. Caries are evident by opacifications, translucency changes seen with the aid of curing wand, enamel color changes, cavitations, and the feel of irregularities on the tooth's surface.

Question 2

Sodium hypochlorite acts as a solvent on:

Accepted Answer

Sodium hypochlorite acts as a solvent on organic tissue. This irrigation solution is also a potent antimicrobial agent. It is used in concentrations from .05 to 5.25 percent. If the solution reaches beyond the apex, severe adverse symptoms and reactions may occur.

Question 3

During endodontic treatments a vertical root fracture may occur. This is considered what?

Accepted Answer

During endodontic treatments a vertical root fracture may occur. This procedural complication is usually due to excessive instrumentation, unfavorable post length, canal widening of canal during post-space preparation, or excess force during root compaction.

Question 4

Bioavailability is:

Accepted Answer

Bioavailability is a measurement of how much and how quickly a drug reaches the circulatory system. Bioavailability is influenced by administration route, gastrointestinal absorption mechanisms, solubility, and drug chemistry.

Question 5

There are three locations of concern in regards to the apical foramina. What are they?

Accepted Answer

The three locations of concern in regards to the apical foramina are anatomic apex, apical foramen, and apical constriction. The anatomic apex is the most apical end of the root. The apical foramen is typically .5mm below the anatomic apex. Apical constriction is in the dentin-cementum junction and the natural stopping point during a root canal.

Question 6

Apexification is a method to create a/an:

Accepted Answer

Apexification is a method to create an apical barrier in a tooth that is necrotic and has an open apex. There are two methods of apexification: induce a calcified apical barrier that takes 3-6 months to form, or place an artificial barrier prior to obturation. Artificial barriers are best for patients where there is a question of treatment dedication.

Question 7

In which of the following transport processes do solid materials enter the cell in membrane-bound vesicles?

Accepted Answer

In active transport, materials enter the cell in membrane-bound vesicles that are formed by the membrane. This process is generally known as endocytosis and is of two types. Endocytosis of solid material and liquid materials is called phagocytosis and pinocytosis respectively.

Question 8

The designation for the glycosylated form of hemoglobin is called:

Accepted Answer

HbA1c is the designation for the glycosylated form of hemoglobin. Normal levels of glycosylated hemoglobin represent about 5% of the total.

Question 9

Which of the following peptide hormones is released in response to the stimulation of pituitary gonadotropes?

Accepted Answer

The pituitary gonadotrophs are cells that secrete the gonadotrophic peptide hormones, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and leutinizing hormone (LH).

Question 10

Heparin is a rapidly acting, potent anticoagulant that has many important clinical uses. Which of the following is an action of heparin?

Accepted Answer

Heparin acts as an anticoagulant because it accelerates the action of antithrombin III to inhibit thrombin activity.

Question 11

About 75% of the blood supply of the spinal cord is derived from the anterior spinal artery. This artery originates from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The anterior spinal artery is a small branch, which arises near the termination of the vertebral, and, descending in front of the medulla oblongata, unites with its fellow of the opposite side at the level of the foramen magnum.

Question 12

Which of the following traits is NOT a feature of Meniere's disease?

Accepted Answer

The common clinical features of Meniere's disease include episodic rotational vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and ringing in the ears. The disease frequently involves the "inner ear."

Question 13

Lack of oxygen (hypoxia) will cause reflex vasoconstriction in which of the following organs?

Accepted Answer

Local hypoxia causes vasoconstriction in vessels of pulmonary circulation. This is an adaptive response, since it will shunt blood away from poorly ventilated alveoli.

Question 14

What are the most common organisms responsible for otitis media?

Accepted Answer

The most common organisms responsible for otitis media include Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, and Moraxella catarrhalis.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a common sign and symptom of chronic bronchitis?

Accepted Answer

The common signs and symptoms of chronic bronchitis do not include increased expiratory flow rate. Instead, "decreased expiratory flow rate"? is a common feature.

Question 16

The rate-limiting step in glycolysis occurs at the step catalyzed by which of the following enzymes?

Accepted Answer

The primary site of regulation of glycolysis occurs at the level of the PFK-1 catalyzed step. Hence, this reaction is the rate-limiting step in glycolysis.

Question 17

Which of the following cells are multinucleated?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts are highly specialized cells that must work in perfect synchronization with osteoblasts to maintain the skeletal system. Histologically, these are multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption.

Question 18

What part of the temporal bone does the condyle of the mandible articulate with to form the temporomandibular joint?

Accepted Answer

The squamous part of the temporal bone articulates with the condyle of the mandible to form the temporomandibular joint.

Question 19

What is gum disease called when it becomes chronic and involves bone?

Accepted Answer

When gum disease becomes chronic and involves bone, it is called periodontal disease. This is a common complication of gingivitis.

Question 20

In what condition do patients characteristically have a "brawn"? or "woody" induration of the neck above the hyoid bone?

Accepted Answer

Patients suffering from Ludwig's angina characteristically have a "brawny"? or "woody" induration of the neck above the hyoid bone. It starts as a cellulitis but may abscess.

Quiz 1: Dental Board