Question 1

Jack has just won first place in the junior high science fair. It is most likely that his success will be attributed to:

Accepted Answer

Jack's success is most likely attributed to both the hard work he put into the project and his superior knowledge of science compared to the competition.

Question 2

In terms of sex-role stereotypes, a condition that seems to contribute to females making, on the average, lower salaries than males include:

Accepted Answer

All three conditions contribute to the gender pay gap: females comparing salaries within their gender, assuming lower salaries are fair, and making career decisions influenced by family commitments.

Question 3

You overheard a conversation in which two individuals are describing a person named "Pat." Pat is described as gentle, talkative, and aware of the feelings of others. Based on how men and women are perceived, you are most likely to assume that Pat is a(n):

Accepted Answer

The traits described (gentle, talkative, and aware of the feelings of others) are stereotypically associated with women, leading to the assumption that Pat is a woman.

Question 4

The personality traits most closely associated with the personality of women are included in a cluster identified as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The personality traits most closely associated with...

Question 5

When comparing research examining the perceived personality characteristics of men and women within the United States with other research examining the perceived personality characteristics of men and women based on individuals from cultures around the world, it was reported that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of When comparing research examining the perceived personality...

Question 6

When examining gender differences in personality among five major factors of personality within a variety of cultures from around the world, a general pattern was that those cultures that had the:

Accepted Answer

Cultures with the smallest gender differences in personality tend to show small differences across all five major factors of personality, indicating a more uniform pattern of personality traits between genders.

Question 7

The assumption of most people in a particular cultural is that women are warm and expressive, which is why you see so many of them working in daycare centers and nursing homes. Such a situation suggests that these consequences are based on sex-role stereotypes being _____ in nature.

Accepted Answer

Prescriptive stereotypes describe how people should behave based on their sex or gender.

Question 8

Based on the research discussed, if you are a male being interviewed for a job that is considered traditionally feminine, you should emphasize the:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on the research discussed, if you...

Question 9

When responding to a personnel ad for a construction company that states, "We are looking for individuals to work at the building site who are willing and able to do general labor," individuals who are most likely to be interviewed for this position would have information on their resume that emphasized _____ work experience.

Accepted Answer

Construction work is traditionally associated with masculine-related skills and experience, so emphasizing such experience would align with the job requirements.

Question 10

If you are a female director with a company, you are most likely to be assigned to committees that focus on:

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you are a female director with...

Question 11

A condition that hinders the career development of women when they enter corporate careers seems to be that:

Accepted Answer

Females often start in lower-status departments and their successes are frequently attributed to external factors rather than their skills, both of which can hinder career advancement.

Question 12

As an assistant manager, John reads a report stating that the number of female assistant managers being promoted to managers within his company is increasing at a faster rate than the number of males. When asked to vote for a person in his office to be a representative on the company's workers' grievance board, John votes against his own secretary, thinking to himself, "Next, she'll want my job. She is fine just where she is-taking care of me." John's reactions illustrate:

Accepted Answer

John's reaction illustrates ambivalent sexism, which includes both hostile and benevolent sexism. His thoughts reflect benevolent sexism, where he believes women should remain in supportive roles.

Question 13

The belief by Alex and all of his drinking buddies is that if they are not careful, all of the promotions for office managers will be given to women because of the company's new policy of making a special effort to increase the percentage of women within the ranks of management. Alex's belief is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Alex's belief reflects hostile sexism, which involves negative attitudes and beliefs about women, particularly when they are perceived as threatening men's status or power.

Question 14

Alex professes love for his wife by telling all of his buddies on his company bowling team that, "I don't know what I would do without my wife if something were to happen to her. That is why I allow her to stay at home while I work 12 hours a day to protect her from all of the stress and strain of having to work outside of the house. Now that's what I call love." Alex's belief is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Alex's belief is an example of benevolent sexism, which involves seemingly positive attitudes that idealize women in traditional roles, suggesting they need protection and are best suited for domestic duties.

Question 15

In those countries where women seem to have much less economic and political power than men, women seem to be:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In those countries where women seem to...

Question 16

A problem created by the aspect of sexism viewing women as being caring while needing to be cared for is that women:

Accepted Answer

This stereotype can lead to women being placed in less prestigious positions both domestically and professionally, as they are often seen as more suited for roles that involve caring rather than leading.

Question 17

A problem created in the workplace by the aspect of sexism viewing women as trying to take power away from men while also needing special treatment because they are women is that woman will be judged:

Accepted Answer

Sexism in the workplace can lead to women being judged negatively in multiple ways: as neglecting their children when pursuing careers, as taking resources from men, and as less feminine when displaying competitive behaviors.

Question 18

While relaxing after dinner, Pat hears a story on the evening news indicating that recent research suggests that women are better managers than men. The next program Pat watches after the news is a crime drama in which all the male characters are in positions of authority while the women are in roles that show them supporting the efforts of the male characters. The next day at work, when asked to vote on whether Mary and Jack should be promoted to the position of office manager, Pat is likely to:

Accepted Answer

Pat's decision is likely influenced by the recency effect and the portrayal of gender roles in the crime drama, leading to a bias towards voting for Jack.

Question 19

Robert overhears people at work talking about how individuals of a certain ethnic group, to which Robert belongs, are not good at taking initiative and prefer to follow the rules of others. A few days later, Robert sees a notice on the employee electronic bulletin board announcing an opening in the company's management training program. After a few minutes, Robert decides not to apply for the position, fearing that other will not respect him in that position. Robert's thinking and behavior illustrate an example of:

Accepted Answer

Stereotype threat occurs when individuals are aware of a stereotype about their group and fear that their actions might confirm it, leading to anxiety and potentially affecting their performance or decisions. Robert's decision not to apply for the management training program due to concerns about how others perceive his ethnic group is an example of stereotype threat.

Question 20

Janice spends the weekend relaxing by watching television. But she begins to notice that in all of the programs she is watching, the female characters tend to be in subordinate positions while all the male characters seem to be in the management and leadership positions. When she logs on to her computer on Monday, a notice appears announcing an opening in the company's management training program, Janice does not apply for the opening because she feels that, being a women, she does not have the skills to be in a management or leadership position. This situation illustrates the impact of sex-role stereotypes in the media on:

Accepted Answer

Janice's decision not to apply for the management position due to internalized beliefs about gender roles reflects stereotype threat, where awareness of stereotypes affects one's performance or decisions.

Quiz 12: Gender Identity and Personality: A Special Topic in the Self-Concept