Question 1

Piaget concluded that young children come to illogical conclusions because they cannot _____________ and think about several aspects of a situation at the same time.

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that young children are egocentric and unable to decenter, meaning they cannot consider multiple perspectives simultaneously. This lack of ability to consider multiple aspects of a situation leads them to illogical conclusions.

Question 2

Nick was feeling angry at his little brother,and at about the same time,Nick's little brother came down with a bad case of the stomach flu.Nick was worried that his anger caused his brother to get sick.According to Piaget,Nick is demonstrating _____________ reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Transductive reasoning is characteristic of the preoperational stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, where children believe that their thoughts, feelings, or actions can cause unrelated outcomes.

Question 3

Kelly broke a lamp and was told that she had been bad.Later that evening,she was told that her parents were getting a divorce.She thought that her breaking the lamp had caused the divorce.This is an example of what kind of reasoning?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of transductive reasoning, which involves making connections between events that are not necessarily related. Kelly is connecting the unrelated events of breaking the lamp and her parents getting a divorce, assuming that one caused the other. This type of reasoning is common in young children who are still learning to understand cause and effect relationships.

Question 4

Focusing on only one aspect of a situation and neglecting others is called

Accepted Answer

Centration is the tendency of young children to focus on only one aspect of a situation and ignore others. They are unable to decenter their thinking and consider multiple perspectives or factors. Conservation, irreversibility, and decentering are related concepts, but do not specifically refer to the tendency to focus on a single aspect.

Question 5

At about the age of ___,children are able to understand the relationship between pictures,maps,and scale models and the objects are spaces they represent.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At about the age of ___,children are...

Question 6

Margaret,who is 4,is upset because her older sister,Leslie,"has more candy." Actually,each girl has one caramel,but Leslie has stretched hers into a long string while Margaret's is still a small cube.This shows Margaret's inability to use

Accepted Answer

Margaret's upset over Leslie having more candy shows her lack of understanding of conservation, which is the principle that certain properties of an object (such as its amount) remain the same even when its outward appearance changes. Margaret is unable to understand that stretching the caramel does not actually increase the amount of candy.

Question 7

According to the text,children become able to classify objects according to two dimensions,such as color and shape,around the age of

Accepted Answer

Children typically develop the ability to classify objects according to two dimensions, such as color and shape, around the age of 4 years. This cognitive skill reflects their growing understanding of the world and ability to engage in more complex thought processes.

Question 8

When children make an object stand for or represent something else,they are using

Accepted Answer

Pretend play involves using an object as a symbol for or representation of something else, so this choice best matches the given scenario. Deferred imitation involves imitating a previously observed behavior, recall memory involves remembering previously learned information, and recognition memory involves recognizing previously encountered information.

Question 9

Inability to understand that a ball of clay that has been molded into a "snake" can be formed into a ball again is an example of

Accepted Answer

Irreversibility refers to the inability to understand that actions can be reversed or undone. In this example, the child cannot understand that the previously formed shape of the ball of clay can be reshaped into a ball again.

Question 10

When children repeat an action that they saw someone else perform at an earlier time,they are demonstrating

Accepted Answer

Deferred imitation is the ability for children to repeat an action they saw someone else perform at a later time. Symbolic play involves using objects to represent something else, recognition memory is the ability to recognize and remember something previously encountered, and evidence of the sensorimotor stage refers to early developmental stages where infants learn through sensory and motor experiences.

Question 11

Marsha watches her mother bathe the new baby.The next morning she gets her doll and a pail of water and bathes her "baby." Marsha is showing

Accepted Answer

Marsha is imitating her mother's behavior from the previous day, which is an example of deferred imitation. Maternal instinct refers to an innate maternal behavior that is not present in all individuals. Centration and conservation are concepts related to cognitive development and do not apply to this situation.

Question 12

Miranda and her uncle see an interesting new car drive by.Later,after the car has gone,her uncle asks if she remembers the neat thing they saw minutes before.Miranda says,"Yes,we saw a car." Miranda is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

The answer of Miranda and her uncle see an interesting...

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of counting that children begin to recognize during the preoperational stage?

Accepted Answer

The ascending-series principle is not recognized as a principle of counting during the preoperational stage. The recognized principles include the stable-order principle (understanding that numbers should be recited in a specific order), the cardinality principle (recognizing that the last number in a count represents the quantity of items), and the abstraction principle (understanding that any set of objects or events can be counted).

Question 14

Four-year-old Sarah tells her mother,"I told the wind to blow,so it made my kite fly." This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This statement shows animism, which is a common belief among young children that objects and natural phenomena have human-like qualities, thoughts, and feelings. In this case, Sarah ascribed the ability to listen and respond to her command to the wind.

Question 15

Anne's father is going to a Halloween party.He comes into her room dressed in a gorilla suit and says,"Hi,sweetheart!" Anne says,"Oh,Daddy,it's you!" Anne's behavior reflects her understanding of

Accepted Answer

Anne recognizes that even though her father is dressed up in a gorilla suit, he is still her father. This shows her understanding of identities, which is the ability to recognize that a person or object can have different appearances or behaviors, but still be the same underlying entity.

Question 16

Three-year-old Ben is pretending to build a birdhouse with some pieces of wood lying in the yard.Suddenly,Ben says,"I need a hammer to fix this," even when there is no hammer present.According to Piaget,Ben has entered the

Accepted Answer

This scenario fits into the preoperational stage, which is characterized by the use of symbolic thought and language, but limited logical reasoning. Ben is using his imagination and pretending to build a birdhouse with the wood pieces, but he is not yet capable of understanding that he needs specific tools to complete the task. This is a common characteristic of the preoperational stage.

Question 17

Some children playing in the yard are pretending to bake cookies.One child gathers up some disk-shaped rocks and says,"Here are the cookies I made!" This child is engaged in

Accepted Answer

The child is engaging in pretend play by using rocks to represent cookies. Sensorimotor play would involve exploring objects through the senses and motor skills, deferred recognition refers to the ability to recognize an object even if it is temporarily removed from view (not applicable in this scenario), and conservational play involves understanding that certain properties of an object (such as its shape) remain the same despite changes in appearance (also not applicable here).

Question 18

The symbolic function allows young children to

Accepted Answer

The symbolic function enables young children to use symbols (such as words or mental images) to represent objects or events in the world. This allows them to refer to mental representations of things they have seen before, which is the closest match to option B. It does not necessarily involve abstract or logical thinking (options C and D). Option A is too broad and does not capture the specific ability of the symbolic function.

Question 19

Young children involved in pretend play are demonstrating

Accepted Answer

Pretend play involves the use of symbols to represent real-life objects or situations, demonstrating the child's use of the symbolic function.

Question 20

By age ___,most children can count to 20 or more and know the relative sizes of numbers 1 through 10;some can do simple single-digit addition and subtraction.

Accepted Answer

By age 5, most children can count to 20 or more and have begun to understand basic math concepts like addition and subtraction for single-digit numbers. The other age choices are too young for this level of numerical understanding.

Quiz 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood