Question 1

Provide an example of modeling in the home that may contribute to the development of psychological problems.

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Question 2

Attachment style is fixed and cannot change from infancy to childhood.

Accepted Answer

Attachment style is not fixed and can change over time through various life experiences and interventions such as therapy. While early experiences may have a significant impact on attachment style, they do not necessarily determine it for life.

Question 3

Provide an example of how punishment can be used therapeutically.

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Question 4

In what ways is regulating one's emotional expression important to developing interpersonal relationships?

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Question 5

What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

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Question 6

Pruning of the temporal lobe is thought to underlie adolescents' selective memory for positive events.

Accepted Answer

Pruning in the temporal lobe during adolescence is associated with the refinement of neural connections and efficiency, but it does not specifically underlie a selective memory for positive events. Adolescents' memory and emotional processing are influenced by a complex interplay of neural systems, including but not limited to the temporal lobe.

Question 7

How might schemas perpetuate disorders?

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Question 8

If twins separated at birth have low concordance for tantrumming behaviors,what can we conclude?

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Question 9

According to your text,many genetic disorders arise when problems occur during mitosis.

Accepted Answer

Many genetic disorders arise due to problems during meiosis, not mitosis. Meiosis is the process of cell division that leads to the production of gametes (sperm and egg cells) and reduces the chromosome number by half. Errors during meiosis can result in chromosome abnormalities such as aneuploidy (an abnormal number of chromosomes) and gene mutations, which can lead to genetic disorders such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and cystic fibrosis. Mitosis, on the other hand, is the process of cell division that leads to the formation of two identical daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell. Errors during mitosis can result in somatic mutations, which may contribute to the development of cancer.

Question 10

The relationship between brain maturation and behavior is bidirectional.

Accepted Answer

Brain maturation and behavior have a bidirectional relationship, where changes in brain development can affect behavior and experiences in the environment can also influence brain maturation. As the brain develops, it becomes increasingly capable of more complex behaviors, and these behaviors in turn provide feedback that refines the brain's structures and functions.

Question 11

A chief limitation of family studies is that they confound genetic and environmental factors.

Accepted Answer

Family studies examine traits and behaviors within families, but since family members share both genetic and environmental factors, it can be difficult to disentangle the two. This makes it hard to determine whether a trait is caused by genetics, the environment, or some combination of the two. Therefore, family studies are limited in their ability to definitively establish the role of genetics in the manifestation of certain traits or behaviors.

Question 12

What is the difference between brain development being experience-expectant versus experience-dependent?

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Question 13

Why are young children's relationships low in intimacy?

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Question 14

Temperament can be modulated by parents,something referred to as goodness-of-fit.

Accepted Answer

Goodness-of-fit refers to the degree to which a child's temperament is compatible with the demands and expectations of their environment, including their parents. Parents can modulate a child's temperament through their interactions and responses to the child's behaviors, leading to a better fit between the child and their environment.

Question 15

What are executive functions and why are they called this?

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Question 16

In what ways might classical conditioning result in a disorder?

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Question 17

One primary weakness of adoption studies is that the population of biological parents who place their children for adoption and the population of adoptive parents differ substantially from each other and from the general population.

Accepted Answer

Adoption studies often suffer from selection bias because the parental groups being compared - those who place infants for adoption and those who adopt them - are not randomly selected, and hence differ in their characteristics from both the general population and each other. This makes it difficult to attribute observed differences in outcomes solely to genetic factors.

Quiz 2: The Causes of Childhood Disorders: A Levels of Analysis Approach